custos
English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
custos (plural custodes)
- (obsolete) A warden.
- c. 1530, John Rastell, The Pastyme of People: The Cronycles of Dyuers Realmys, London,[1]
- […] they were commytted to prison & put out of theyr offyces & the Constable of the Towre made custos of the citye.
- 1803, Robert Charles Dallas, The History of the Maroons, London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, Letter 5, p. 148,[2]
- Mr. Tharp, the Custos of the parish, and several other gentlement, accompanied the corps.
- c. 1530, John Rastell, The Pastyme of People: The Cronycles of Dyuers Realmys, London,[1]
- (Roman Catholicism) A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a custody of the order.
- (music, historical) In older forms of musical notation, an indication, at the end of a line of music, of the first note of the next line.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Italic *kustots, further etymology unclear. The proposal that it is derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”) (whence Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”), Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”)) raises questions about the development of the medial /st/. Some etymologists consider /st/ to be the regular outcome in Latin of PIE *dʰ-t, based on aestās and aestus, a position which requires analyzing the /ss/ found in participle forms such as iussus and fossus as the result of analogy with forms built on stems ending in other dental consonants.[1] Alternatively, the first element has been suggested to be cognate to Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”) and the second element a reduced form of Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”), as a compound *kusdʰo-sd-, though it is not clear if *-sdʰ- would be reflected as /st/ in Latin. On the other hand, Michiel de Vaan argues that, as the usual reflex of dental clusters in Latin is /ss/, it is better to analyze the /st/ of aestās and aestus as an analogical reformation, not as the regular outcome of *dʰ-t.[2] Therefore, de Vaan's viewpoint is that the /st/ in custos is unexplained and the etymology unknown.[3] More at English hoard.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkuːs.toːs/, [ˈkuːs̠t̪oːs̠] or IPA(key): /ˈkus.toːs/, [ˈkʊs̠t̪oːs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkus.tos/, [ˈkust̪os]
- Note: vowel length uncertain due to unclear etymological and graphic evidence
Noun[edit]
cūstos or cŭstos m (genitive cū̆stōdis); third declension
Declension[edit]
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | cū̆stōs | cū̆stōdēs |
Genitive | cū̆stōdis | cū̆stōdum |
Dative | cū̆stōdī | cū̆stōdibus |
Accusative | cū̆stōdem | cū̆stōdēs |
Ablative | cū̆stōde | cū̆stōdibus |
Vocative | cū̆stōs | cū̆stōdēs |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Old French: costor (nominative form: costre, from a Gallo-Roman Latin refection custor, custorem of Classical Latin custos, custorem)
- → English: custos
- → Finnish: kustos
- → German: Kustos
- → Italian: custode
References[edit]
- “custos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “custos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- custos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- custos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- ^ Stuart-Smith, Jane (2004) Phonetics and Phonology: Sound Change in Italic (Oxford University Press), page 43; citing Leumann 1977: 168, Meiser 1998: 124
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 28
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159
Portuguese[edit]
Noun[edit]
custos
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- English terms with obsolete senses
- en:Roman Catholicism
- en:Music
- English terms with historical senses
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms with unknown etymologies
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the third declension
- la:Occupations
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese noun forms