inverse

English

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Etymology

Recorded since 1440, from Latin inversus, the past participle of invertere(to invert), itself from in-(in, on) + vertere(to turn).

Pronunciation

A chart depicting the strong inverse relationship between prosperity and fertility in existing societies

inverse ‎(not comparable)

1. Inverted in its various senses, including:
1. (properly) Upside down.
The rarity of the inverse Flying Jenny made it highly valuable.
2. (figuratively) Reverse: opposite in order, nature, or effect.
3. Mutually exclusive to a given, beginning when it ceases and vice versa.
4. (mathematics) Mutually negating: having the property of producing an output identical to the input of a given operation.
Multiplication is the inverse operation to division.
5. (mathematics) Opposite in nature or effect.
A ratio is said to be inverse when one term increases in exact proportion as the other decreases or vice versa.
6. (geometry) Related to an initial point, line, &c. through circle inversion.
7. (mineralogy) Having certain reversed crystalline structures.
8. (botany) Having a position or mode of attachment reversed from the normal arrangement.

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Noun

inverse ‎(plural inverses)

1. An inverted state: a state in which something has been turned (properly) upside down or (loosely) inside out or backwards.
Cowgirl is the inverse of missionary.
321 is the inverse of 123.
2. The result of an inversion, particularly:
1. The reverse of any procedure or process.
Uninstalling is the inverse of installation.
2. (mathematics) A ratio etc. in which the antecedents and consequents are switched.
The inverse of a:b is b:a.
3. (geometry) The result of a circle inversion; the set of all such points; the curve described by such a set.
The inverse P‘ of a point P is the point on a ray from the center O through P such that OP × OP‘ =or the set of all such points.
4. (logic) The non-truth-preserving proposition constructed by negating both the premise and conclusion of an initially given proposition.
"Anything that isn't a dog doesn't go to heaven" is the inverse of "All dogs go to heaven." More generally, ${\displaystyle \lnot {\mathsf {p}}\to \lnot {\mathsf {q}}}$ is the inverse of ${\displaystyle {\mathsf {p}}\to {\mathsf {q}}}$ and is equivalent to the converse proposition ${\displaystyle {\mathsf {q}}\to {\mathsf {p}}}$.
• 1896, James Welton, A Manual of Logic, 2nd ed., Bk iii, Ch. iii, §102:
Inversion is the inferring, from a given proposition, another proposition whose subject is the contradictory of the subject of the original proposition. The given proposition is called the Invertend, that which is inferred from it is termed the Inverse... The rule for Inversion is: Convert either the Obverted Converse or the Obverted Contrapositive.
3. (mathematics) A second element which negates a first; in a binary operation, the element for which the binary operation—when applied to both it and an initially given elementyields the operation's identity element, specifically:
1. (addition) The negative of a given number.
The additive inverse of ${\displaystyle x}$ is ${\displaystyle -x}$, as ${\displaystyle x-x=0}$, as ${\displaystyle 0}$ is the additive identity element.
2. (multiplication) One divided by a given number.
The multiplicative inverse of ${\displaystyle x}$ is ${\displaystyle x^{-1}}$, as ${\displaystyle x\times x^{-1}=1}$, as ${\displaystyle 1}$ the multiplicative identity element.
3. (functions) A second function which, when combined with the initially given function, yields as its output any term inputted into the first function.
The compositional inverse of a function ${\displaystyle f}$ is ${\displaystyle f^{-1}}$, as ${\displaystyle f\ f^{-1}={\mathit {I}}}$, as ${\displaystyle {\mathit {I}}}$ is the identity function. That is, ${\displaystyle \forall x,f(f^{-1}(x))={\mathit {I}}(x)=x}$.
4. (category theory) A morphism which is both a left inverse and a right inverse.
5. (card games) The winning of the coup in a game of rouge et noir by a card of a color different from that first dealt; the area of the table reserved for bets upon such an outcome.
• 1850, Henry George Bohn, The Hand-book of Games, p. 343:
If the player... be determined to try his luck on the inverse, he must place his money on a yellow circle, or rather a collection of circles, situated at the extremity of the table.
• 1950, Lawrence Hawkins Dawson, Hoyle's Games Modernized, 20th ed., p. 291:
The tailleur never mentions the words ‘Black’ or ‘Inverse’, but always says that Red wins or Red loses, and that the colour wins or the colour loses.
6. (linguistics, Kiowa-Tanoan) A grammatical number marking that indicates the opposite grammatical number (or numbers) of the default number specification of noun class.

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Verb

inverse ‎(third-person singular simple present inverses, present participle inversing, simple past and past participle inversed)

1. (surveying) To compute the bearing and distance between two points.

inverse

Dutch

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Pronunciation

•  Audio (file)
• Hyphenation: in‧ver‧se

Noun

inverse m, f ‎(plural inversen)

inverse

French

Pronunciation

•  Audio (file)

inverse m, f ‎(plural inverses)

1. inverse, the other way round.

Noun

inverse m ‎(plural inverses)

1. The inverse, the contrary

inverse