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元首

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

[edit]
primary; first; fundamental
primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty)
 
head; chief; first (occasion)
head; chief; first (occasion); first (thing); measure word for poems
 
simp. and trad.
(元首)
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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial () (31) (26)
Final () (66) (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter ngjwon syuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋʉɐn/ /ɕɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋʷiɐn/ /ɕiuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiuɐn/ /ɕiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋuan/ /ɕuwX/
Li
Rong
/ŋiuɐn/ /ɕiuX/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭwɐn/ /ɕĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯wɐn/ /ɕi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yuán shǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyun4 sau2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yuán shǒu
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngjwon › ‹ syuwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ŋ]o[r]/ (< nasal + uvular) /*l̥uʔ/
English head; first head

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
No. 16145 11671
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋon/ /*hljuʔ/

Noun

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元首

  1. head of state
  2. monarch; sovereign; king; ruler
  3. (Classical) beginning
  4. (Classical, literally) head

Synonyms

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  • (head):

Proper noun

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元首

  1. (historical or Internet slang) Führer (the title of Adolf Hitler when he was the leader of Nazi Germany)
  2. (Malaysia) Yang di-Pertuan Agong

Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
げん
Grade: 2
しゅ
Grade: 2
kan'on goon
 元首 on Japanese Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese compound 元首 (MC ngjwon syuwX, literally “first, prime + head”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(げん)(しゅ) (genshu

  1. head of state (the chief public representative of a nation), ruler, sovereign
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
もと
Grade: 2
くび
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Compound of (moto, origin, base) +‎ (kubi, neck, head).[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(もと)(くび) (motokubi

  1. (rare) the base of the neck
  2. (rare) (by extension upwards) the head
Usage notes
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The kun'yomi reading of motokubi is rare for this term.[1]

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Noun

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元首 (wonsu) (hangeul 원수)

  1. hanja form? of 원수 (sovereign; head of state)