自首

Chinese

		self	to plead guilty
simp. and trad. (自首)		自	首

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zìshǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄕㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ sau²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-sú

(Hailu, HRS): cii^˖ shiu^ˊ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chīr-siú / chū-siú

(Teochew, Peng'im): ze⁶ siu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zìshǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄕㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zìhshǒu
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-shou³
  - Yale: dz̀-shǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhshoou
  - Palladius: цзышоу (czyšou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶ sau²
  - Yale: jih sáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ sau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ seo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² sɐu̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-sú
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii su^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci⁴ su³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ su³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii^˖ shiu^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ³³ ʃiu²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-siú
  - Tâi-lô: tsīr-siú
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² siu⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-siú
  - Tâi-lô: tsū-siú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuxsiuo
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡su²²⁻²¹ siu⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ siu⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ siu⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ze⁶ siu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̆ siú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ siu⁵²/

Middle Chinese: dzijH syuwH

Rime
Character	自	首
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	疾二切	舒救切
Baxter	dzijH	syuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziɪ^H/	/ɕɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zi^H/	/ɕiu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjɪ^H/	/ɕiəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zi^H/	/ɕuw^H/
Li Rong	/d͡zi^H/	/ɕiu^H/
Wang Li	/d͡zi^H/	/ɕĭəu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi^H/	/ɕi̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zì	shòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi⁶	sau³

Verb

自首

(law, intransitive) to turn oneself in; to give up; to surrender

Synonyms

出首 (chūshǒu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	首
じ Grade: 2	しゅ Grade: 2
goon

Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 自首 (MC dzijH syuwH, literally “self + report to the authorities; plead guilty”). Borrowed into Old Japanese, where its first mention is in the Ritsuryō legal code of 718 CE.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d͡ʑiɕɨ]
(Tokyo) じしゅ [jìshú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[4]
(Tokyo) じしゅ [jíꜜshù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[3]^[4]

Noun

自(じ)首(しゅ) • (jishu)

(of a criminal) surrender, the action of turning oneself in
Synonym: 自訴 (jiso)

Verb

自(じ)首(しゅ)する • (jishu suru) suru (stem 自(じ)首(しゅ)し (jishu shi), past 自(じ)首(しゅ)した (jishu shita))

(of a criminal) to turn oneself in, to give up
Synonym: 自訴する (jiso suru)

その泥棒(どろぼう)は夕方(ゆうがた)のニュースで放送(ほうそう)された防犯(ぼうはん)カメラの映像(えいぞう)を見(み)て自首(じしゅ)した。
Sono dorobō wa yūgata no nyūsu de hōsō sareta bōhan kamera no eizō o mite jishu shita.
The thief turned himself in after he saw a video of himself stealing on the evening news.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "自首する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	自首し	じしゅし	jishu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	自首し	じしゅし	jishu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	自首する	じしゅする	jishu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	自首する	じしゅする	jishu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	自首すれ	じしゅすれ	jishu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	自首せよ¹ 自首しろ²	じしゅせよ¹ じしゅしろ²	jishu seyo¹ jishu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	自首される	じしゅされる	jishu sareru
Causative	自首させる自首さす	じしゅさせるじしゅさす	jishu saseru jishu sasu
Potential	自首できる	じしゅできる	jishu dekiru
Volitional	自首しよう	じしゅしよう	jishu shiyō
Negative	自首しない	じしゅしない	jishu shinai
Negative continuative	自首せず	じしゅせず	jishu sezu
Formal	自首します	じしゅします	jishu shimasu
Perfective	自首した	じしゅした	jishu shita
Conjunctive	自首して	じしゅして	jishu shite
Hypothetical conditional	自首すれば	じしゅすれば	jishu sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“自首”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
自	首

Noun

自首 • (jasu) (hangeul 자수)

hanja form^? of 자수 (“surrender”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
自	首

Verb

自首

chữ Hán form of tự thú (“to admit wrongdoing”)

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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