想像
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]to think; to believe; to suppose to think; to believe; to suppose; to wish; to want; to miss |
(look) like; similar (to); appearance (look) like; similar (to); appearance; to appear; to seem; image; portrait; resemble; seem | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (想像) | 想 | 像 | |
| simp. #(想像) | 想 | 像 | |
| alternative forms | 想象 | ||
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng2 zoeng6
- Hakka
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): sióng-siōng / sióng-siǒng / siáng-chhiāng
- (Teochew, Peng'im): sion6 cion6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎngxiàng
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siǎngsiàng
- Wade–Giles: hsiang3-hsiang4
- Yale: syǎng-syàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheangshianq
- Palladius: сянсян (sjansjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- Homophones:
想像
想象
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: soeng2 zoeng6
- Yale: séung jeuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: soeng2 dzoeng6
- Guangdong Romanization: sêng2 zêng6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sœːŋ³⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/
- Homophones:
想像
想象
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sióng-siong
- Hakka Romanization System: xiongˋ xiong
- Hagfa Pinyim: xiong3 xiong4
- Sinological IPA: /si̯oŋ³¹ si̯oŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: siongˊ siongˇ
- Sinological IPA: /sioŋ²⁴⁻³³ sioŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sióng-siōng
- Tâi-lô: sióng-siōng
- Phofsit Daibuun: siofngsiong
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sióng-siǒng
- Tâi-lô: sióng-siǒng
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáng-chhiāng
- Tâi-lô: siáng-tshiāng
- Phofsit Daibuun: siafngchiang
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiaŋ²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sion6 cion6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siŏⁿ tshiŏⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /sĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰĩõ³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
Verb
[edit]想像
Usage notes
[edit]In Mainland China, the form 想象 is preferred, while in Taiwan and Hong Kong, 想像 is preferred.
Synonyms
[edit]- 估摸 (gūmo) (colloquial)
- 估測 / 估测 (gūcè)
- 估計 / 估计 (gūjì)
- 估量
- 假定 (jiǎdìng)
- 假想 (jiǎxiǎng)
- 假設 / 假设 (jiǎshè)
- 商量 (shāngliàng) (Classical Chinese)
- 嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
- 忖度 (cǔnduó) (literary)
- 思裁 (sīcái) (literary)
- 懸 / 悬 (xuán) (literary, or in compounds)
- 懸想 / 悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
- 懷疑 / 怀疑 (huáiyí)
- 打估 (Southern Pinghua)
- 推想 (tuīxiǎng)
- 推測 / 推测 (tuīcè)
- 掠算 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 揣度 (formal)
- 擬 / 拟 (nǐ)
- 母量 (mu3 liong) (Gan)
- 派胚 (Hokkien)
- 測 / 测 (cè) (literary, or in compounds)
- 測估 / 测估 (cègū)
- 測度 / 测度 (cèduó)
- 測算 / 测算 (cèsuàn)
- 猜 (cāi)
- 猜度 (cāiduó)
- 猜想 (cāixiǎng)
- 猜摸 (cāimo)
- 猜料 (cāiliào)
- 猜測 / 猜测 (cāicè)
- 猜詳 / 猜详 (cāixiáng)
- 算 (suàn)
- 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
- 約摸 / 约摸 (yuēmo)
- 臭疑 (Hokkien)
- 臭青疑 (Hokkien)
- 虛擬 / 虚拟 (xūnǐ)
- 要約 / 要约 (iau3 ieh4) (Jin)
- 設 / 设 (shè)
- 設想 / 设想 (shèxiǎng)
- 跋胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 辦胚 / 办胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 阿合 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 青疑 (Hokkien)
- 預計 / 预计 (yùjì)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 想 | 像 |
| そう Grade: 3 |
ぞう Grade: 5 |
| goon | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 想像する
| Plain | 想像する | そーぞー・する | [sòózóó sùrú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 想像して | そーぞー・して | [sòózóó shìté] |
| Perfective | 想像した | そーぞー・した | [sòózóó shìtá] |
| Negative | 想像しない | そーぞー・しない | [sòózóó shìnáí] |
| Negative perfective | 想像しなかった | そーぞー・しなかった | [sòózóó shìnáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 想像すれば | そーぞー・すれば | [sòózóó sùréꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 想像したら | そーぞー・したら | [sòózóó shìtáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 想像しろ 想像せよ |
そーぞー・しろ そーぞー・せよ |
[sòózóó shìró] [sòózóó séꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 想像しよう | そーぞー・しよー | [sòózóó shìyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 想像したい | そーぞー・したい | [sòózóó shìtáí] |
| Formal | 想像します | そーぞー・します | [sòózóó shìmáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 想像しません | そーぞー・しません | [sòózóó shìmáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 想像しましょう | そーぞー・しましょー | [sòózóó shìmáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 想像しました | そーぞー・しました | [sòózóó shìmáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 想像し 想像しに |
そーぞー・し そーぞー・しに |
[sòózóó shì] [sòózóó shì ní] |
| Negative continuative | 想像せず 想像せずに |
そーぞー・せず そーぞー・せずに |
[sòózóó séꜜzù] [sòózóó séꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 想像される | そーぞー・される | [sòózóó sàrérú] |
| Causative | 想像させる 想像さす |
そーぞー・させる そーぞー・さす |
[sòózóó sàsérú] [sòózóó sàsú] |
| Potential | 想像できる | そーぞー・できる | [sòózóó dèkíꜜrù] |
Noun
[edit]- imagination
- 想像以上
- sōzō ijō
- beyond (one's) imagination
- 想像以上
- guess, suppose
Verb
[edit]想像する • (sōzō suru) ←さうざう (sauzau)?transitive suru (stem 想像し (sōzō shi), past 想像した (sōzō shita))
- imagine
- guess, suppose
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 想像し | そうぞうし | sōzō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 想像し | そうぞうし | sōzō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 想像する | そうぞうする | sōzō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 想像する | そうぞうする | sōzō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 想像すれ | そうぞうすれ | sōzō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 想像せよ¹ 想像しろ² |
そうぞうせよ¹ そうぞうしろ² |
sōzō seyo¹ sōzō shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 想像される | そうぞうされる | sōzō sareru |
| Causative | 想像させる 想像さす |
そうぞうさせる そうぞうさす |
sōzō saseru sōzō sasu |
| Potential | 想像できる | そうぞうできる | sōzō dekiru |
| Volitional | 想像しよう | そうぞうしよう | sōzō shiyō |
| Negative | 想像しない | そうぞうしない | sōzō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 想像せず | そうぞうせず | sōzō sezu |
| Formal | 想像します | そうぞうします | sōzō shimasu |
| Perfective | 想像した | そうぞうした | sōzō shita |
| Conjunctive | 想像して | そうぞうして | sōzō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 想像すれば | そうぞうすれば | sōzō sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “想像”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 想 | 像 |
Noun
[edit]- hanja form? of 상상 (“imagination; speculation”)
Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 想 | 像 |
Verb
[edit]想像
- chữ Hán form of tưởng tượng (“to imagine”)
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- zh:Thinking
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