以上

Chinese

		to use; according to; so as to to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)	up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up
trad. (以上)		以	上
simp. #(以上)		以	上
alternative forms		已上 obsolete

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǐshàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄕㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵ soeng⁶

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yî-song
• Northern Min (KCR): ǐ-ciōng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): í-siōng / í-siāng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): in² siang⁶

• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): i³ shan⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǐshàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄕㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǐshàng
    • Wade–Giles: i³-shang⁴
    • Yale: yǐ-shàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiishanq
    • Palladius: ишан (išan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji⁵ soeng⁶
    • Yale: yíh seuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵ soeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵ sêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³ sœːŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-song
    • Hakka Romanization System: i^ˊ song
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ song⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /i²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-song
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)i^ˊ song
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ song⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǐ-ciōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹ t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-siōng
    • Tâi-lô: í-siōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ysiong
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-siāng
    • Tâi-lô: í-siāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ysiang
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: in² siang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: íⁿ siăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ³⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: i³ shan⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /i⁴¹ ʂan²¹⁻¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /i⁴¹ san²¹⁻¹¹/

Noun

以上

1. above; more than; over
2. greater than or equal to
3. above-mentioned; above

Usage notes

Unlike in Japanese, where the term unambiguously refers to an inclusive lower bound, in Chinese the interval may be inclusive or exclusive depending on context. According to the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, legally speaking the interval is always inclusive: "民法所称的“以上”、“以下”、“以内”、“届满”，包括本数；所称的“不满”、“超过”、“以外”，不包括本数。"

Synonyms

• (above): 以懸／以悬

Antonyms

• 以下 (yǐxià)

Phrase

以上

1. (usually Internet slang, influenced by Japanese) that's it; that's all (used at the end of a text to indicate that there is nothing further)
   • 2021 April 15, 立法院未來國會願景規劃諮詢委員會, quoting 丘如華, “立法院未來國會願景規劃諮詢委員會第一次會議”, in 立法院遷(改)建計畫網站‎^[1], Taipei, page 13:

     晚上2-3點我都還在上班，隨時都可以問我，不是24小時，可是是7-eleven，以上。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]
     晚上2-3点我都还在上班，随时都可以问我，不是24小时，可是是7-eleven，以上。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]

     Wǎnshàng 2-3 diǎn wǒ dōu hái zài shàngbān, suíshí dōu kěyǐ wèn wǒ, bùshì 24 xiǎoshí, kěshì shì 7-eleven, yǐshàng. [Pinyin]

     I am still at work even at 2~3 at midnight, [so] you can ask me any time. I may not 24-7, but I am 7-eleven. That's all.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (以上):

• → Japanese: 以上(いじょう) (ijō)
• → Korean: 이상(以上) (isang)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
以	上
い Grade: 4	じょう Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [iʑo̞ː]
• (Tokyo) いじょー [íꜜjòò] (Atamadaka – [1])

Noun

以(い)上(じょう) • (ijō) ^{←いじやう (izyau)?}

1. the aforementioned, the foregoing
2. greater than or equal to
   • 2016 March 9, 大平喜信, quotee, “第190回国会　衆議院　文部科学委員会　第2号　平成28年3月9日”, in 国会会議録検索システム‎^[2], 国立国会図書館:

     選挙権年齢が十八歳以上へと引き下げられました。

     Senkyo-ken nenrei ga jū-has-sai ijō e to hikisagerare-mashita.

     The voting age has been lowered to 18 years old and above.

3. (plain form verb) + 以上は: since, now that, so long as, once

Interjection

以(い)上(じょう) • (ijō) ^{←いじやう (izyau)?}

1. that's it (used at the end of a text to indicate that there is nothing further)

Derived terms

• 以上(いじょう)です (ijō desu)

Related terms

• 以下(いか) (ika)

References

• Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
以	上

Noun

以上 • (isang) (hangeul 이상)

1. hanja form^? of 이상 (“the aforementioned, the foregoing”)