以怨報德

Chinese

		to use; according to; so as to to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)	blame; complain	to repay someone's kindness
trad. (以怨報德)		以	怨	報德
simp. (以怨报德)		以	怨	报德

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǐyuànbàodé

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄩㄢˋ ㄅㄠˋ ㄉㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵ jyun³ bou³ dak¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǐyuànbàodé
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄩㄢˋ ㄅㄠˋ ㄉㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǐyuànbàodé
    • Wade–Giles: i³-yüan⁴-pao⁴-tê²
    • Yale: yǐ-ywàn-bàu-dé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiiyuannbawder
    • Palladius: июаньбаодэ (ijuanʹbaodɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɑʊ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji⁵ jyun³ bou³ dak¹
    • Yale: yíh yun bou dāk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵ jyn³ bou³ dak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵ yun³ bou³ deg¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³ jyːn³³ pou̯³³ tɐk̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: yiX 'jwon|'jwonH pawH tok

Rime
Character	以	怨	怨	報	德
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	影 (34)	影 (34)	幫 (1)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	元 (66)	元 (66)	豪 (89)	登 (131)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	I	I
Fanqie	羊己切	於袁切	於願切	博耗切	多則切
Baxter	yiX	'jwon	'jwonH	pawH	tok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨX/	/ʔʉɐn/	/ʔʉɐnH/	/pɑuH/	/tək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨX/	/ʔʷiɐn/	/ʔʷiɐnH/	/pɑuH/	/tək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ieX/	/ʔiuɐn/	/ʔiuɐnH/	/pɑuH/	/tək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨX/	/ʔuan/	/ʔuanH/	/pawH/	/tək̚/
Li Rong	/iəX/	/ʔiuɐn/	/ʔiuɐnH/	/pɑuH/	/tək̚/
Wang Li	/jĭəX/	/ĭwɐn/	/ĭwɐnH/	/pɑuH/	/tək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/iX/	/ʔi̯wɐn/	/ʔi̯wɐnH/	/pɑuH/	/tək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐ	yuān	yuàn	bào	de
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji5	jyun1	jyun3	bou3	dak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ləʔ  [ʔ]o[r]-s  pˤuk-s  tˤək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lɯʔ  qon|qons  puːɡs  tɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	以	怨	報	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐ	yuàn	bào	dé
Middle Chinese	‹ yiX ›	‹ ʔjwonH ›	‹ pawH ›	‹ tok ›
Old Chinese	/*ləʔ/	/*[ʔ]o[r]-s/	/*pˁuk-s/	/*tˁək/
English	take, use	resentment	repay	virtue
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	以	怨	怨	報	德
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1
No.	14929	16286	16305	329	17266
Phonetic component	以	夗	夗	報	直
Rime group	之	元	元	奧	職
Rime subdivision	0	3	3	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	以	鴛	怨	報	德
Old Chinese	/*lɯʔ/	/*qon/	/*qons/	/*puːɡs/	/*tɯːɡ/

Idiom

以怨報德

1. to return evil for good; to return injury for kindness; to bite the hand that feeds one

   • 子曰：「以德報怨，則寬身之仁也；以怨報德，則刑戮之民也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「以德报怨，则宽身之仁也；以怨报德，则刑戮之民也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Yǐ dé bào yuàn, zé kuānshēn zhī rén yě; yǐ yuàn bào dé, zé xínglù zhī mín yě.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, ‘They who return kindness for injury are such as have a regard for their own persons. They who return injury for kindness are men to be punished and put to death.’

Synonyms

• 恩將仇報／恩将仇报 (ēnjiāngchóubào)

See also

• 以德報怨／以德报怨 (yǐdébàoyuàn)