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scald

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs
Proto-Italic *eks
Latin ex
Latin ex-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *kalēō
Latin caleō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idus
Latin calidus
Latin caldus
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.
Proto-Italic *-ājō
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin excaldō
Old Northern French escalderbor.
Middle English scalden
English scald

    From Middle English scalden, assumed to stem from Old Northern French escalder (compare central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from ex- (“off, out”) +‎ cal(i)dus (“hot”).[1]

    Cognate with Old Swedish skalda, skolda, skolla, skala, Swedish skålla, Danish skolde, Norwegian skålda, skaalda, Icelandic skálda.

    Also compare Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”), to skalli (“baldness”), borrowed as Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”), English scall.

    Verb

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    scald (third-person singular simple present scalds, present participle scalding, simple past and past participle scalded)

    1. To burn with hot liquid.
      to scald the hand
      • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals), page vii, line 48:
        Mine own tears / Do scald like molten lead.
      • 1656, Abraham Cowley, Davideis:
        Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone fall.
      • 1943 March and April, “Notes and News: Southern Locomotive Destroys Raider”, in Railway Magazine, page 119:
        The fireman was scalded by steam, but he did not fare so badly as the enemy pilot, whose dead body was found on a bank about 100 yd. away from the train.
    2. (cooking) To heat almost to boiling.
      Scald the milk until little bubbles form.
    Translations
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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Noun

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    scald (plural scalds)

    1. A burn, or injury to the skin or flesh, by hot liquid or steam.
    2. A paste, made by mixing flour with hot or boiling water (causing starches in it to gelatinize and hold more water) and allowing that mixture to sit and cool, which is added to bread dough to produce a softer bread that takes longer to stale.
      Coordinate terms: tangzhong, yudane
      • 1911, William Jago, William C. Jago, The Technology of Bread-making: Including the Chemistry and Analytical and Practical Testing of Wheat, Flour, and Other Materials Employed in Bread-making and Confectionery, page 253:
        […] stir in the flour by hand, and afterwards add the boiling water, and stir vigorously as already described for Virgin barm. The scald should not be so stiff as for Virgin, and should taste sweet when newly made.
      • 2022 August 30, Tara Jensen, Flour Power: The Practice and Pursuit of Baking Sourdough Bread, Clarkson Potter, →ISBN, page 214:
        THE NIGHT BEFORE: MIX THE LEAVEN AND PREPARE THE SCALD. [...] mix the rye starter with the whole rye flour and room temperature water. Cover with a lid and let rest overnight, or 8 to 10 hours. Make the scald[:] In a 1-pint deli container (or similar container), combine the dark rye flour and boiling water and mix thoroughly until there is no dry flour. [...] let rest overnight  […]
    3. (Appalachia) Poor or bad land.
    Translations
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    Derived terms

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    Etymology 2

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    Alteration of scall or scalled. Compare cognate Old Swedish skold, skoldh, skol, Swedish skål, skoll, skolla, Danish skold, skolde, Norwegian skåld (“rash”).

    Noun

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    scald (uncountable)

    1. (obsolete) Scaliness; a scabby skin disease.

    Adjective

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    scald (comparative more scald, superlative most scald)

    2. (obsolete) Affected with the scab; scabby.
      Synonym: scalled
    3. (obsolete) Paltry; worthless.
    Synonyms
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    Derived terms
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    Etymology 3

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    Noun

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    scald (plural scalds)

    1. Alternative form of skald.
      • 1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter I, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 28:
        The fire was spreading rapidly through all parts of the castle, when Ulrica, who had first kindled it, appeared on a turret, in the guise of one of the ancient furies, yelling forth a war-song, such as was of yore chaunted on the field of battle by the scalds of the yet heathen Saxons.

    References

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    1. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “scald”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

    See also

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    • scald-crow (possibly etymologically related to above)

    Anagrams

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    Middle English

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    Noun

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    scald

    1. (West Riding) alternative form of scold

    Middle Scots

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Middle English scald, later spelling of scallede affected with the scall, contemptible. Compare Old Norse *skolð.

    Alternative forms

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    Adjective

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    scald

    1. affected by a scabby disease of the skin or scalp
    2. scabby, passing into an expression of general opprobrium or revulsion, foul, filthy
    Derived terms
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    proverbs

    Etymology 2

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    Inherited from Middle English scald, apparently obsolete after 1483, from Old Norse skáld (“poet”).

    Alternative forms

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    Noun

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    scald

    1. one given to the use of vituperation or abusive language
    2. one who by the use of such language causes public disturbance
    3. a foul-mouthed quarreller (applied to both men and women, but in the 17th century perh. increasingly to women.)

    Etymology 3

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    Possibly from English scald, first certified in 1601. Compare scathe and cognates.

    Alternative forms

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    Noun

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    scald

    1. (possibly figuratively) a mark or blemish
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 4

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    Inherited from Middle English schalde, from Old French eschalder (“to burn, scald”), from Late Latin excaldāre (“to wash in hot water”).

    Alternative forms

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    Verb

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    scald

    1. (transitive, of fire) to scorch or burn (also of the fire of Purgatory)
      1. (absolutive, reflexive) to burn (a person) by way of punishment
      2. (absolutive) to hurt by, or as by, the action of hot steam or liquid
    2. to affect (something) in a way comparable to the effect produced by the action of hot water or steam; to damage severely
      1. (of thoughts or cares) to inflame or irritate (a person, his or her mind)
    3. to cleanse, wash out or sterilise with boiling water
    4. (used only in proverbs) to cause (one's lips) to be scalded or burned by eating hot food (also with reflexive object.)
    5. (intransitive) to suffer the effects of excessive heat; to faint or swoon in consequence of (with) this; to shrivel up
      1. (figuratively) to burn with (in) strong emotion or desire
    6. to behave as if boiling, or about to boil; to froth; to bubble
    7. to set fire to property, etc.; to burn
    Conjugation
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    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Etymology 5

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    Inherited from Middle English scolden.

    Alternative forms

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    Verb

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    scald

    1. (intransitive) to rail; to brawl; to quarrel noisily and in unseemly terms
    2. (transitive) to rebuke, chide
    Conjugation
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    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Further reading

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    Romanian

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Verb

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    scald

    1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of scălda

    Etymology 2

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    Borrowed from French scalde.

    Noun

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    scald m (plural scalzi)

    1. skald
    Declension
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    singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative-accusative scald scaldul scalzi scalzii
    genitive-dative scald scaldului scalzi scalzilor
    vocative scaldule scalzilor
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