薛

See also: 辥

薛 U+859B, 薛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-859B ← 薚 [U+859A] CJK Unified Ideographs 薜 → [U+859C]

Translingual

Han character

薛 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+13, 17 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 16 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, Cangjie input 廿竹口十 (THRJ), four-corner 4474₁, composition ⿱艹⿰𠂤辛)

Derived characters

• 𡤏, 𡾲, 𭣍, 𨇨, 𪈙, 𮮂, 𪈟, 㔑, 𠣅, 𫊎, 㜸, 孽, 蘖, 𭶧, 𪺶, 糵, 𧕏, 躠, 𪎃

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1061, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32123
• Dae Jaweon: page 1525, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3303, character 8
• Unihan data for U+859B

Chinese

trad.		薛
simp. #		薛
2nd round simp.		𲼗
alternative forms		辥 𦵮 𧀼

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (薛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
躠	*sŋaːd
嶭	*ŋaːd, *ŋeːd
櫱	*ŋaːd, *ŋred
薛	*sŋed
辥	*sŋed
孼	*ŋred
蘖	*ŋred
蠥	*ŋred
孽	*ŋred
糵	*ŋred

In oracle bone script, Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sŋed) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 䇂 (“sickle”) + phonetic 月 (OC *ŋod, “moon”). The original meaning was likely "to work (with a sickle) under the moonlight".

In bronze inscriptions the character corrupted into the modern form Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sŋed): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 辥 (OC *sŋed).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xuē (xue¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xüe²

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): xiě

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): süe̊q

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sit³

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): sit⁸

• Gan (Wiktionary): syot⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): siet

  (Hailu, HRS): sied

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xiêd⁵

  (Changting, Changting Pinyin): se²

• Northern Min (KCR): siĕ
• Eastern Min (BUC): siék
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): si⁶ / seh⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sih / siat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sih⁴

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): soi⁷

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): slyut⁵
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷shiq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sie⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xuē
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syue
    • Wade–Giles: hsüeh¹
    • Yale: sywē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiue
    • Palladius: сюэ (sjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xüe²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xye
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕye²¹/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: xiě
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛ²¹/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: süe̊q
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): süeq⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /syeʔ⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sit³
    • Yale: sit
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sit⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: xid³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːt̚³/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: sit⁸
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sit̚²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: syot⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /syɵt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siet
    • Hakka Romanization System: xied^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xiad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /si̯et̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: sied
    • Sinological IPA: /siet⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xiêd⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ɕiɛt̚¹/
  • (Changting)
    • Changting Pinyin: se²
    • Sinological IPA: /se²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: siĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɛ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɛʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: si⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬi¹¹/
  • (Xianyou, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: si⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬi²¹/
  • (Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: si⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /θi²¹/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: seh⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: seh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛʔ²/

Note:

• si6 - vernacular (incl. surname);
• seh6 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sih
    • Tâi-lô: sih
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siq
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siʔ³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siʔ⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siat
    • Tâi-lô: siat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siad
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛt̚⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɛt̚³²/

Note:

• sih - vernacular (incl. surname);
• siat - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sih⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sih
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siʔ²/
• (Leizhou)
  • Leizhou Pinyin: soi⁷
  • Sinological IPA: /sɔi⁵⁵/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: slyut⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬyt̚²⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷shiq
    • MiniDict: shih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴xiq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: sie⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /si̯e̞²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /ɕi̯e̞²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 薛
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕyɛ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕye²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕyə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/syə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/syɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕiɛ²¹/
	Xining	/ɕi⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕie²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕye³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/syeʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ɕiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/siəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/sei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕyeʔ²¹/ /seʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/siɛ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/sie²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/sie²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕyɵʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/siet̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/siet̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sit̚³/
	Nanning	/ɬyt̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/sit̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siat̚³²/ /siʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/siɛʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/siɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/siʔ²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tit̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: sjet

Rime
Character	薛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	薛 (81)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	私列切
Baxter	sjet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siat̚/
Li Rong	/siɛt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭɛt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sit3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.ŋat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sŋed/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	薛	薛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xuē	xuē
Middle Chinese	‹ sjet ›	‹ sjet ›
Old Chinese	/*s.ŋat/	/*s.ŋat/
English	spec. of plant	(place name)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	薛
Reading #	1/1
No.	14060
Phonetic component	薛
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	薛
Old Chinese	/*sŋed/

Definitions

薛

1. (obsolete) kind of marsh grass
2. name of a feudal state
3. a surname

   薛居正  ―  Xuē Jūzhèng  ―  Xue Juzheng (lead author of the Old History of the Five Dynasties)

   薛家燕 [Cantonese]  ―  sit³ gaa¹ jin³ [Jyutping]  ―  Nancy Sit (actress)

Compounds

• 滕薛爭長 / 滕薛争长
• 薛卞
• 薛坪 (Xuēpíng)
• 薛延陀 (Xuēyántuó)
• 薛濤箋 / 薛涛笺
• 薛集 (Xuējí)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (薛):

• → Korean: 설(薛) (Seol)

Others:

• → English: Xue, Hsueh, Sit

References

• “薛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “薛”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 214.

Japanese

Kanji

薛

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: せち (sechi)
• Kan-on: せつ (setsu)
• Kun: かわらよもぎ (kawarayomogi)、はますげ (hamasuge)

Korean

Hanja

薛 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

薛: Hán Việt readings: tiết, tuyết
薛: Nôm readings: tiết

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.