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誇

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 夸
誇 U+8A87, 誇
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A87
← 誆
[U+8A86] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 誈 →
[U+8A88]

Translingual

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Han character

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誇 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, Cangjie input 卜口大一尸 (YRKMS), four-corner 04627, composition ⿰訁夸)

  1. exaggerate
  2. brag, boast
  3. flaunt

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1161, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35474
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1625, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3962, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+8A87

Chinese

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trad. 誇/夸*
simp. 夸*
alternative forms 侉
𧥢
𧧳

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
侉 *qaːls
夸 *kʰʷraː
姱 *kʰʷraː
胯 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
誇 *kʰʷraː
垮 *kʰʷraːʔ
銙 *kʰʷraːʔ
骻 *kʰʷraːʔ
咵 *kʰʷraːʔ
釫 *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː
摦 *ɡʷraːs
鮬 *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː
嶀 *qʰʷl'aː
扝 *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː
刳 *kʰʷaː
郀 *kʰʷaː
挎 *kʰʷaː
袴 *kʰʷaːs
絝 *kʰʷaːs
褲 *kʰʷaːs
恗 *qʰaː
洿 *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː
瓠 *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs
鄠 *ɢʷlaːʔ
污 *qʷaː, *qʷaːs
杇 *qʷaː
圬 *qʷaː
鴮 *qʷaː
盓 *qʷaː
汙 *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa
樗 *qʰʷl'a
摴 *qʰʷl'a
荂 *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa
雩 *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla
吁 *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas
盱 *qʰʷa
訏 *qʰʷa
扜 *qʰʷa, *qʷa
旴 *qʰʷa
冔 *qʰʷaʔ
紆 *qʷa
陓 *qʷa
迂 *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶 *qʷa
于 *ɢʷa
盂 *ɢʷa
竽 *ɢʷa
邘 *ɢʷa
玗 *ɢʷa
芋 *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas
杅 *ɢʷa
釪 *ɢʷa
骬 *ɢʷa
謣 *ɢʷla
宇 *ɢʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰʷraː): semantic 言 (“words, language”) + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː)

Etymology

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Compare Burmese ကြွား (krwa:, “to boast”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • 1kho/1khuo/5khuo - vernacular;
  • 1khua/3khua/5khua - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 誇
    Mandarin Beijing /kʰua⁵⁵/
    Harbin /kʰua⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /kʰuɑ²¹/
    Jinan /kʰua²¹³/
    Qingdao /kʰua²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /kʰua²⁴/
    Xi'an /kʰua²¹/
    Xining /kʰua⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kʰua⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /kʰua³¹/
    Ürümqi /kʰua⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /kʰua³⁵/
    Chengdu /kʰua⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /kʰua⁵⁵/
    Kunming /kʰua̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /kʰuɑ³¹/
    Hefei /kʰua²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /kʰua¹¹/
    Pingyao /kʰuɑ¹³/
    Hohhot /kʰua³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /kʰo⁵³/
    /kʰua⁵³/
    Suzhou /kʰo⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /kʰuɑ³³/
    Wenzhou /kʰo³³/
    Hui Shexian /kʰua³¹/
    Tunxi /kʰuːə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /kʰua³³/
    Xiangtan /kʰuɒ³³/
    Gan Nanchang /kuɑ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /kʰua⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /kʰuɑ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰwa⁵³/
    Nanning /kʰʷa⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /kʰwa⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰua⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰua⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰua⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kʰua³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /xua²³/
    Rime
    Character 誇
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 麻 (99)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 苦瓜切
    Baxter khwae
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰˠua/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰʷᵚa/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰua/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰwaɨ/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰua/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰwa/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/kʰwa/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		kuā
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faa1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 誇
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		kuā
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khwae ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[kʷʰ]ˁra/
    English boast

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 誇
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15652
    Phonetic
    component         		于
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		誇
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰʷraː/

    Definitions

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    誇

    1. to boast; to exaggerate
    2. to praise; to commend

    Synonyms

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    • (to boast):
    • (to praise):
    Dialectal synonyms of 誇獎 (“to praise; to compliment”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 誇獎, 稱讚, 稱許, 讚許, 嘉許, 讚揚, 誇讚
    Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 誇, 誇獎, 稱讚
    Singapore 稱讚, 誇獎
    Cantonese Guangzhou 讚, 誇獎
    Hong Kong 讚
    Singapore (Guangfu) 讚, 誇獎
    Gan Nanchang 誇, 誇獎, 稱讚
    Hakka Meixian 誇, 誇獎, 誇讚, 稱讚, 讚, 讚揚
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 阿腦, 誇獎, 稱讚
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 阿腦, 誇獎, 稱讚
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 阿腦, 誇獎, 稱讚
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 阿腦, 誇獎, 稱讚
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 阿腦, 誇獎, 稱讚
    Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 阿腦
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 阿腦, 誇獎
    Southern Min Xiamen 呵咾, 褒
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 呵咾
    Quanzhou 呵咾, 褒
    Zhangzhou 呵咾, 褒
    Zhao'an 呵咾
    Taipei 呵咾, 褒
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 呵咾, 褒
    Kaohsiung 呵咾, 褒
    Yilan 呵咾, 褒
    Changhua (Lukang) 呵咾, 褒
    Taichung 呵咾, 褒
    Tainan 呵咾, 褒
    Hsinchu 呵咾, 褒
    Kinmen 褒
    Penghu (Magong) 褒
    Penang (Hokkien) 呵咾
    Singapore (Hokkien) 呵咾
    Manila (Hokkien) 呵咾
    Chaozhou 呵咾
    Shantou 呵咾, 誇獎, 誇, 讚揚, 稱讚
    Singapore (Teochew) 呵咾
    Leizhou 呵咾

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    • → Vietnamese: khoe

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    誇

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. boast
    2. be proud
    3. pride
    4. triumphantly

    Readings

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    誇 (eumhun 자랑할 과 (jaranghal gwa))

    1. hanja form? of 과 (“boast, brag”)

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    誇: Hán Việt readings: khoa
    誇: Nôm readings: khoa, khoe[1], sua[2], thua[2]

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References

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    1. ^ Hồ (1976).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (2004).
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