rush
English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English risshe, rusch, risch, from Old English rysċ, rysċe, risċ, risċe, from a merger of Proto-West Germanic *riskijā, from Proto-Indo-European *resg- (“to weave”) and Proto-West Germanic *ruskijā, borrowed from Latin rūscum (“butcher's broom”), of unknown origin + *-jā (animal and plant suffix). Cognates include West Frisian risk, Dutch rus (“bulrush”), Norwegian Bokmål rusk, dialectal Norwegian ryskje (“hair-grass”). Further cognates include Russian розга (rozga).[1]
Noun[edit]
rush (plural rushes)
- Any of several stiff plants of the genus Juncus, or the family Juncaceae, having hollow or pithy stems and small flowers, and often growing in marshes or near water.
- The stem of such plants used in making baskets, mats, the seats of chairs, etc.
- The merest trifle; a straw.
- 1712, John Arbuthnot, The History of John Bull:
- A wick.
Synonyms[edit]
- (plant of the genus Juncus): juncus
Translations[edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Etymology 2[edit]
Perhaps from Middle English ruschen, russchen (“to rush, startle, make a loud rushing noise”), from Old English hrysċan (“to jolt, startle”), from Proto-Germanic *hurskijaną (“to startle, drive”), from *hurskaz (“fast, rapid, quick”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run, hurry”).
Cognate with Old High German hurscan (“to speed, accelerate”), Old English horsc (“quick, quick-witted, clever”).
An alternative etymology traces rush via Middle English rouschen (“to rush”) from Old English *rūscian (“to rush”) from Proto-Germanic *rūskōną (“to rush, storm, be fierce, be cruel”), a variant (with formative k) of Proto-Germanic *rūsōną (“to be cruel, storm, rush”) from Proto-Indo-European *(o)rewə- (“to drive, move, agitate”), making it akin to Old High German rosc, rosci (“quick”), Middle Low German rūschen (“to rush”), Middle High German rūschen, riuschen (“to rush”) (German rauschen (“to rush”)), North Frisian ruse (“to rush”), Middle Dutch ruuscen (“to make haste”), Middle Dutch rūsen (“to rush”) (Dutch ruisen (“to rush”)), Danish ruse (“to rush”), Swedish rusa (“to rush”). Compare Middle High German rūsch (“a charge, rush”). Influenced by Middle English russhen (“to force back”) from Anglo-Norman russher, russer from Old French ruser, rëuser.
Alternatively, according to the OED, perhaps an adaptation of Anglo-Norman russher, russer (“to force back, down, out of place, by violent impact", "to pull out or drag off violently or hastily”), from Old French re(h)usser, ruser (although the connection of the forms with single -s- and double -ss- is dubious; also adopted in English ruse; French ruser (“to retreat, drive back”)), from an assumed Vulgar Latin *refusō and Latin refundō (“I cause to flow back”), although connection to the same Germanic root is also possible. More at rouse.
Noun[edit]
rush (plural rushes)
- A sudden forward motion.
- 1642, Henry Wotton, A Short View of the Life and Death of George Villiers
- A gentleman of his train spurred up his horse, and, with a violent rush, severed him from the duke.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, “Meeting Point”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, OCLC 483591931, page 228:
- When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him. […] . The captive made no resistance and came not only quietly but in a series of eager little rushes like a timid dog on a choke chain.
- 1642, Henry Wotton, A Short View of the Life and Death of George Villiers
- A surge.
- A rush of business can be difficult to handle effectively for its unexpected volume.
- General haste.
- Many errors were made in the rush to finish.
- A rapid, noisy flow.
- a rush of water; a rush of footsteps
- (military) A sudden attack; an onslaught.
- (video games) The strategy of attacking an opponent with a large swarm of weak units, rather than spending time developing their abilities.
- Synonym: zerg
- (contact sports) The act of running at another player to block or disrupt play.
- a rush on the quarterback
- (American football, dated) A rusher; a lineman.
- the center rush, whose place is in the center of the rush line
- A sudden, brief exhilaration, for instance the pleasurable sensation produced by a stimulant.
- The rollercoaster gave me a rush.
- (US, figuratively) A regulated period of recruitment in fraternities and sororities.
- rush week
- 2021 August 17, Allie Jones, “#BamaRush, Explained”, in The New York Times[1], ISSN 0362-4331:
- The trend burst through last week during sorority rush at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, but it continues today in the form of parody videos, deep dives on the status of various recruits and rush videos from women at other colleges across the country who are just starting the process themselves.
- (US, dated, college slang) A perfect recitation.
- (croquet) A roquet in which the object ball is sent to a particular location on the lawn.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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Verb[edit]
rush (third-person singular simple present rushes, present participle rushing, simple past and past participle rushed)
- (transitive or intransitive) To hurry; to perform a task with great haste.
- rush one's dinner; rush off an email response
- c. 1683, Robert West, The further Exmaination of Robert West of the Middle-Temple, Barrister at Law
- A party of men […] shoud be ready to rush out; and upon the noise of the first shot immediately run down to the Gate and break in.
- 2013 August 16, John Vidal, “Dams endanger ecology of Himalayas”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 10, page 8:
- Most of the Himalayan rivers have been relatively untouched by dams near their sources. Now the two great Asian powers, India and China, are rushing to harness them as they cut through some of the world's deepest valleys.
- (intransitive) To flow or move forward rapidly or noisily.
- armies rush to battle; waters rush down a precipice.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book II, canto IX, stanza 14, page 311:
- For with ſuch puiſſance and impetuous maine / Thoſe Champions broke on them, that forſt the fly, / Like ſcattered Sheepe, whenas the Shepherds ſwaine / A Lyon and a Tigre doth eſpye, / With greedy pace forth ruſhing from the foreſt nye.
- c. 1597, William Shakespeare, “The Merry VViues of VVindsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene iv], page 56, column 1:
- c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene iii], column 1:
- Like to an entred Tyde, they all ruſh by, […]
- 1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:
- The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. Whirling wreaths and columns of burning wind, rushed around and over them.
- (intransitive, soccer) To dribble rapidly.
- (transitive or intransitive, contact sports) To run directly at another player in order to block or disrupt play.
- (transitive) To cause to move or act with unusual haste.
- Don't rush your client or he may withdraw.
- (intransitive, military) To make a swift or sudden attack.
- (military) To swiftly attack without warning.
- (video games, slang, transitive) To attack (an opponent) with a large swarm of units.
- Synonym: zerg
- (transitive or intransitive, US, college) To attempt to join a fraternity or sorority; to undergo hazing or initiation in order to join a fraternity or sorority.
- (transitive) To transport or carry quickly.
- The shuttle rushes passengers from the station to the airport.
- (transitive or intransitive, croquet) To roquet an object ball to a particular location on the lawn.
- (US, slang, dated) To recite (a lesson) or pass (an examination) without an error.
Synonyms[edit]
- See also Thesaurus:rush (hurry)
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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Adjective[edit]
rush (not comparable)
Usage notes[edit]
Used only before a noun.
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
Juncaceae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Rush_(football) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Vladimir Dybo, Balto-Slavic Accentology and Winter's Law, 2002, p. 482.
French[edit]
Noun[edit]
rush m (plural rushs)
- rush (in sport)
- (cinematography) rushes
- (video games) rush
- (Quebec) rush (hurried state)
Further reading[edit]
- “rush”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Norwegian Bokmål[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
rush n (definite singular rushet, indefinite plural rush, definite plural rusha or rushene)
- a rush (Etymology 2)
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
rush n (definite singular rushet, indefinite plural rush, definite plural rusha)
- a rush (Etymology 2)
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “rush” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/ʌʃ
- Rhymes:English/ʌʃ/1 syllable
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from Latin
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱers-
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Anglo-Norman
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Germanic languages
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Military
- en:Video games
- en:Football (American)
- English dated terms
- American English
- en:Universities
- English student slang
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- en:Football (soccer)
- English slang
- English adjectives
- English uncomparable adjectives
- English ergative verbs
- en:Rushes
- en:Water plants
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- fr:Cinematography
- fr:Video games
- Quebec French
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from English
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål neuter nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from English
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk neuter nouns