農耕

See also: 农耕

Chinese

		agriculture	to plough; to till
trad. (農耕)		農	耕
simp. (农耕)		农	耕

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nónggēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nung⁴ gaang¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lông-keng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): long⁵ gên¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nónggēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nónggeng
    • Wade–Giles: nung²-kêng¹
    • Yale: núng-gēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nonggeng
    • Palladius: нунгэн (nungɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ³⁵ kɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: nung⁴ gaang¹
    • Yale: nùhng gāang
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nung⁴ gaang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: nung⁴ gang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ²¹ kaːŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông-keng
    • Tâi-lô: lông-king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: longkefng
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: long⁵ gên¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lông keⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /loŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kẽ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: nowng keang

Rime
Character	農	耕
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	奴冬切	古莖切
Baxter	nowng	keang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nuoŋ/	/kˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/nuoŋ/	/kᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/noŋ/	/kɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nawŋ/	/kəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/noŋ/	/kɛŋ/
Wang Li	/nuoŋ/	/kæŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/nuoŋ/	/kæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nóng	gēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nung4	gang1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[o]ŋ  kˤ<r>eŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*nuːŋ  kreːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	農	耕
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nóng	gēng
Middle Chinese	‹ nowng ›	‹ kɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁ[o]ŋ/	/*kˁ<r>eŋ/
English	agriculture; to farm	plow (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	農	耕
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9571	6850
Phonetic component	農	井
Rime group	終	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	農	耕
Old Chinese	/*nuːŋ/	/*kreːŋ/
Notes	金文從田不從囟

Verb

農耕

1. to farm; to plow; to till

Synonyms

edit

• 作 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 犁 (lí)
• 穓 (yì) (literary)
• 耕
• 耕作 (gēngzuò)
• 耕地 (gēngdì)

Noun

農耕

1. (formal) farming; agriculture

Synonyms

edit

• 本業 / 本业 (běnyè) (archaic)
• 農作 / 农作 (nóngzuò)
• 農業 / 农业 (nóngyè)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (農耕):

• → Japanese: 農耕(のうこう) (nōkō)
• → Korean: 농경(農耕) (nonggyeong)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
農	耕
のう Grade: 3	こう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [no̞ːko̞ː]
• (Tokyo) のーこー [nòókóó] (Heiban – [0])

Noun

農(のう)耕(こう) • (nōkō) ^{←のうかう (noukau)?}

1. agriculture

Synonyms

• 農業

Derived terms

• 農耕民族 - agricultural people

References

• “農耕”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

• Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
農	耕

Noun

農耕 • (nonggyeong) (hangeul 농경)

1. hanja form^? of 농경 (“agriculture”)