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鎧

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 铠
鎧 U+93A7, 鎧
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-93A7
← 鎦
[U+93A6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鎨 →
[U+93A8]

Translingual

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Han character

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鎧 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+10, 18 strokes, Cangjie input 金山一廿 (CUMT), four-corner 82118, composition ⿰釒豈)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1318, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40735
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1817, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4241, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+93A7

Chinese

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trad. 鎧
simp. 铠

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 鎧
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (豈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
獃 *tŋɯː, *ŋɯː
剴 *kŋɯːl, *ŋɯːl
凱 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
愷 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
塏 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
鎧 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls
颽 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
暟 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
闓 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls
豈 *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ
隑 *ɡɯːls, *ŋɯːl
皚 *ŋɯːl
嵦 *ŋɡɯːl
敳 *ŋɯːl
磑 *ŋɯːl, *ŋuːl, *ŋuːls
螘 *ŋralʔ, *ŋɯlʔ
覬 *krɯls
溰 *ŋɯl
顗 *ŋɯlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls): semantic 金 + phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 鎧 鎧
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 咍 (41) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 苦亥切 苦蓋切
Baxter khojX khojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰʌiX/ /kʰʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰəiX/ /kʰəiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɒiX/ /kʰɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰəjX/ /kʰəjH/
Li
Rong 		/kʰᴀiX/ /kʰᴀiH/
Wang
Li 		/kʰɒiX/ /kʰɒiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰɑ̆iX/ /kʰɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		kǎi kài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hoi2 hoi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鎧 鎧
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kǎi kǎi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khojX › ‹ khojH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qʰˁəjʔ/ /*C.qʰˁəjʔ-s/
English coat of mail coat of mail

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鎧 鎧
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 10105 10110
Phonetic
component 		豈 豈
Rime
group 		微 微
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		愷 磕
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/ /*ŋ̊ʰɯːls/

Definitions

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鎧

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) armor

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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鎧

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
鎧
よろい
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
甲
鎧 (yoroi): a young man in traditional Japanese armor.
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

/joropi/ → /jorofi/ → /joroi/

From Old Japanese.[1]

Listed as the noun derivation of verb 鎧う (yorou, “to put on, to equip oneself with”),[2][3][4] which in turn appears to be the -o stem variant of the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis verb conjugation form”) of verb 縒る (yoru, “to twist, plait, or spin together (as thread or yarn); to tie on, to tie together (as a collection of pieces)”) + the classical iterative / repetitive / stative aspect verb suffix ふ (fu), effectively meaning "to be tying together" as a verb, and thus something like "that which is tied together" as the derivative noun. Notably, tying various kinds of cordage was an integral part of how traditional Japanese armor was worn.

That said, the noun is attested already in the Kojiki of 712 CE,[1] whereas the verb might not be attested until The Tale of the Heike of roughly 1330,[5] some four centuries later. Then again, poem 2 in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE does include what may be this same verb spelled phonetically in man'yōgana as 與呂布 (yo₂ropu),[6][7] of uncertain meaning but possibly something like "to avail oneself of; to be to hand; to be equipped with".[8]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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鎧(よろい) • (yoroi) ←よろひ (yorofi)?

  1. [from 712] armor
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  • 鎧う (yorou, “to armor up, to equip with”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “鎧”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ “鎧”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ “鎧う”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[3] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  6. ^ “よろう”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[4] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  7. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 1, poem 2:
  8. ^ “とりよろう”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[5] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  9. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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鎧 (eum 개 (gae))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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