早い
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
早 |
はや Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712.[1] Reconstructed as ultimately from Proto-Japonic *paya.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "早い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Continuative (連用形) | 早く | はやく はやく |
[háꜜyàkù] [hàyáꜜkù] |
Terminal (終止形) | 早い | はやい | [hàyáꜜì] |
Attributive (連体形) | 早い | はやい | [hàyáꜜì] |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 早くない | はやくない はやくない |
[háꜜyàkùnàì] [hàyáꜜkùnàì] |
Informal past | 早かった | はやかった はやかった |
[háꜜyàkàttà] [hàyáꜜkàttà] |
Informal negative past | 早くなかった | はやくなかった はやくなかった |
[háꜜyàkùnàkàttà] [hàyáꜜkùnàkàttà] |
Formal | 早いです | はやいです | [hàyáꜜìdèsù] |
Conjunctive | 早くて | はやくて はやくて |
[háꜜyàkùtè] [hàyáꜜkùtè] |
Conditional | 早ければ | はやければ はやければ |
[háꜜyàkèrèbà] [hàyáꜜkèrèbà] |
Adjective
[edit]早い • (hayai) -i (adverbial 早く (hayaku))
- [from 759] early
- Antonym: 晩い (osoi, “late”)
- おはよう。相変わらず起きるの早いね。
- Ohayō. Aikawarazu okiru no hayai ne.
- Good morning. You sure get up early, don't you? Just like always.
- 人類には早すぎる動画
- jinrui ni wa hayasugiru dōga
- videos that humanity is not ready for (Niconico Video slang phrase)
- (literally, “videos that are too early for humanity”)
- [from 712] quick-witted
- [from 759] 速い: quick, fast, speedy
- Antonym: 遅い (osoi, “slow”)
Usage notes
[edit]In modern usage, authors often use the 早い spelling for the early sense and the 速い spelling for fast. These are ultimately the same word, identical in speech, with the sense clear from context.
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 早い
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 早かろ | はやかろ | hayakaro |
Continuative (連用形) | 早く | はやく | hayaku |
Terminal (終止形) | 早い | はやい | hayai |
Attributive (連体形) | 早い | はやい | hayai |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 早けれ | はやけれ | hayakere |
Imperative (命令形) | 早かれ | はやかれ | hayakare |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 早くない | はやくない | hayaku nai |
Informal past | 早かった | はやかった | hayakatta |
Informal negative past | 早くなかった | はやくなかった | hayaku nakatta |
Formal | 早いです | はやいです | hayai desu |
Formal negative | 早くないです | はやくないです | hayaku nai desu |
Formal past | 早かったです | はやかったです | hayakatta desu |
Formal negative past | 早くなかったです | はやくなかったです | hayaku nakatta desu |
Conjunctive | 早くて | はやくて | hayakute |
Conditional | 早ければ | はやければ | hayakereba |
Provisional | 早かったら | はやかったら | hayakattara |
Volitional | 早かろう | はやかろう | hayakarō |
Adverbial | 早く | はやく | hayaku |
Degree | 早さ | はやさ | hayasa |
References
[edit]- ^ “早・速・疾・捷”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 早 read as はや
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples