おはよう

Japanese

Japanese phrasebook

This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on usefulness, simplicity and commonness.

Etymology

Originally a compound of 御 (o, honorific prefix) +‎ 早く (hayaku, “early”, adverb), from adjective 早い (hayai, “early”).

Modern Japanese -i adjectives formerly ended in -ki for the attributive form. This medial /k/ dropped out during the Muromachi period, both for the attributive form (-ki becoming -i) and for the adverbial form (-ku becoming -u). However, the adverbial form reverted back to -ku thereafter for most words, with the -u ending persisting in certain everyday set expressions, such as arigatō, ohayō, or omedetō, and in hyper-formal speech.

/ohayaku/ → /ohayau/ → /ohayoː/

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) おはよう [òháyóó] (Heiban - [0])
  • IPA^(key): [o̞ha̠jo̞ː]

Alternative forms

• 御早う, お早う

Interjection

おはよう (rōmaji ohayō, historical hiragana おはやう)

1. good morning

Usage notes

Most often written in hiragana. May occasionally be seen spelled in kanji, generally for more formal writing. Usually followed by ございます (gozaimasu, “it is”, formal) in less casual contexts.

Derived terms

• おはようございます (ohayō gozaimasu)

Further reading

• Japanese_language#Late_Middle_Japanese on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Late_Middle_Japanese#Adjectives on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• ウ音便 ("u" sound shift) on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja