外人
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Chinese[edit]
outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external |
man; person; people | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (外人) | 外 | 人 | |
simp. #(外人) | 外 | 人 |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
外人
Synonyms[edit]
- (stranger):
- (foreigner):
Antonyms[edit]
- (non-family member): 自己人 (zìjǐrén)
See also[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
外 | 人 |
がい Grade: 2 |
じん Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
Etymology 1[edit]
/gwaizin/ > /gaizin/ [gaidʑin]. Literally outside person. From the late 19th on also used for foreigners.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
外人 • (gaijin) ←ぐゎいじん (gwaizin)?
- (obsolete) outsider; an estranged, unfamiliar person
- 995-999: Fusōshū (volume 9; Gunsho Ruijū volume 8, page 578)
- 口畔懸河渉漢深。春杉拭盞就花陰。外人傾耳猶添愛、況是堂中父母心。
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- c. 13th century: Heike Monogatari (volume 1, page 123)
- しかるに其恩をわすれて、外人もなき所に兵具をとゝのへ、軍兵をかたらひをき、其營みの他は他事なし。
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- c. 1349: Renri Hishō (page 38)
- 但、外人など上手おほからむ座にては、聊か斟酌すべし
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1597: Ekirin Setsuyōshū (page 133)
- 外人 (グワイジン)
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 314)
- Guaijin, グヮイジン(外人) Focano fito. (他の人) 他国の人、すなわち、土着の人ではない者.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1617: Gennabon Kagakushū (page 73)
- 外人 (グワイジン) 他人也
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 995-999: Fusōshū (volume 9; Gunsho Ruijū volume 8, page 578)
- (sometimes derogatory) foreigner, especially foreigner in Japan
- 1875: 文明論之概略 (page 18)
- 譬えば頑固なる士民は外国人を悪むを以て常とせり。又学者流の人にても少しく見識ある者は外人の挙動を見て決して心酔するに非ず,之を悦ばざるの心は彼の頑民に異なることなしと云うも可なり。
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1875: 文明論之概略 (page 18)
- (Hawaii) A white person
Usage notes[edit]
Today 外人 often has a stereotyped connotation, and 外国人 is used as a neutral term.
Synonyms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Adjective 疎い (utoi, “unacquainted”) in attributive form and 人 (hito, “person”).
Noun[edit]
外人 • (utoki hito)
- an estranged, unfamiliar person
- c. 11th century: Ruiju Myōgishō
- 外人ウトキ人
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- c. 11th century: Ruiju Myōgishō
References[edit]
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
- Fukuzawa, Yukichi (1995) Bunmeiron no Gairyaku, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Hanawa, Hokiichi (1960) Gunsho Ruijū, volume 8, Tōkyō: Zoku Gunsho Ruijū Kanseikai
- Kamei, Takashi (1944) Kagakushū: Gennabon, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten
- Kidō, Saizō; Imoto Nōichi (1961) Iwanami Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Renga Ronshū, Haironshū (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Takagi, Ichinosuke; Masao Ozawa, Kaoru Atsumi, Haruhiko Kindaichi (1959) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 32: Heike Monogatari 1 (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Tasaka, Junko (1985) Fusōshū: Kōhon to Sakuin, Fukuoka: Tōka Shobō
- Fukkoku Nihon Koten Zenshū: Setsuyōshū, Tōkyō: Gendai Shichō Shinsha, 2006, →ISBN
Anagrams[edit]
- 人外 (jingai)
Korean[edit]
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
外 | 人 |
Noun[edit]
Categories:
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Min Nan nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- zh:People
- Japanese terms spelled with 外 read as がい
- Japanese terms spelled with 人 read as じん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
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- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
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- ja:People
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
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