惡人

See also: 悪人 and 恶人

Chinese

		evil; to hate; to loathe evil; to hate; to loathe; nauseated	man; person; people
trad. (惡人)		惡	人
simp. (恶人)		恶	人
alternative forms		惡儂／恶侬 Min Nan

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): èrén

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ok³ jan⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ok-ngìn
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ok-lâng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: èrén
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: èrén
    • Wade–Giles: o⁴-jên²
    • Yale: è-rén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ehren
    • Palladius: эжэнь (ežɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ok³ jan⁴
    • Yale: ok yàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ok⁸ jan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: og³ yen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ok-ngìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: og^ˋ ngin^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: og⁵ ngin²
    • Sinological IPA: /ok̚² ŋin¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok-lâng
    • Tâi-lô: ok-lâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oklaang
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁵ laŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²³/

Note: “bad person”.

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• Middle Chinese: 'ak nyin

Rime
Character	惡	人
Reading #	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	烏各切	如鄰切
Baxter	'ak	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑk̚/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑk̚/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑk̚/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔak̚/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/ʔɑk̚/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/ɑk̚/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑk̚/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	e	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ok3	jan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤak  ni[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qaːɡ  njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	惡	人
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	è	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔak ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁak/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	bad, ugly	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	惡	人
Reading #	3/3	1/1
No.	14220	10800
Phonetic component	亞	人
Rime group	鐸	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	惡	仁
Old Chinese	/*qaːɡ/	/*njin/

Noun

惡人

1. bad person; vile creature; villain

   • 見惡人，無咎。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     见恶人，无咎。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE

     Jiàn èrén, wú jiù. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 不立於惡人之朝，不與惡人言；立於惡人之朝，與惡人言，如以朝衣朝冠坐於塗炭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     不立于恶人之朝，不与恶人言；立于恶人之朝，与恶人言，如以朝衣朝冠坐于涂炭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Bù lì yú èrén zhī cháo, bù yǔ èrén yán; lì yú èrén zhī cháo, yǔ èrén yán, rú yǐ cháoyī cháoguān zuò yú tútàn. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. one who offends others; one who causes themselves to be disliked (by being outspoken, etc.)

   • 既然兄弟這般說了，我沒來由做甚麼惡人。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     既然兄弟这般说了，我没来由做什么恶人。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Shi Nai'an, Water Margin, circa 14^th century CE

     Jìrán xiōngdì zhèbān shuō le, wǒ méi láiyóu zuò shénme èrén. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. (Classical) ugly person

   • 衛有惡人焉，曰哀駘它。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     卫有恶人焉，曰哀骀它。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Wèi yǒu èrén yān, yuē Āitáitā. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 雖有惡人，齋戒沐浴，則可以祀上帝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     虽有恶人，斋戒沐浴，则可以祀上帝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Suī yǒu èrén, zhāijiè mùyù, zé kě yǐ sì Shàngdì. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• (bad person):

edit

• 兇徒／凶徒 (xiōngtú)
• 壞人／坏人 (huàirén)
• 壞人子／坏人子 (fai⁵ ren² zr) (Xiang)
• 壞分子／坏分子 (huàifènzǐ)
• 壞蛋／坏蛋 (huàidàn) (derogatory)
• 姦人／奸人 (jiānrén)
• 孬人 (mo² nang⁵) (Teochew)
• 宄 (guǐ) (literary)
• 惡徒／恶徒 (ètú)
• 拐家伙 (guai³ jia¹ ho) (Xiang)
• 歹人 (dǎirén)
• 歹囝 (Hokkien)
• 歹徒 (dǎitú)
• 海賊／海贼 (hāi-*chĕk) (Eastern Min)
• 衰人 (seoi¹ jan⁴) (Cantonese)

 

Derived terms

• 惡人先告狀／恶人先告状 (èrén xiān gàozhuàng)
• 惡人無膽／恶人无胆
• 惡人自有惡人磨／恶人自有恶人磨
• 惡馬惡人騎／恶马恶人骑
• 惡馬自有惡人騎／恶马自有恶人骑
• 鬼怕惡人／鬼怕恶人

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (惡人):

• → Japanese: 悪人(あくにん) (akunin)
• → Korean: 악인(惡人) (agin)
• → Vietnamese: ác nhân (惡人)

Verb

惡人

1. (dialectal Jin) to anger someone; to offend others; to frame others

Pronunciation 2

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ok--lâng

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok--lâng
    • Tâi-lô: ok--lâng

Verb

惡人

1. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to scold someone in a brutal manner

Japanese

Kanji in this term
惡	人
あく Jinmeiyō	にん Grade: 1
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 惡人 – see the following entry.

【悪人あくにん】 [noun] bad person; villain

(This term, 惡人, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
惡	人

Noun

惡人 • (agin) (hangeul 악인)

1. hanja form^? of 악인 (“bad person; villain; evildoer”)