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衛

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 衞 and 卫
衛 U+885B, 衛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-885B
← 衚
[U+885A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 衜 →
[U+885C]

Translingual

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Han character

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衛 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+9 in Chinese, 行+10 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese, 16 strokes in Japanese, Cangjie input 竹人木手弓 (HODQN), four-corner 21221 or 21506, composition ⿴行韋 or ⿲彳韋亍)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1109, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34073
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1574, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 845, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+885B

Chinese

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trad. 衛/衞
simp. 卫
alternative forms 䘙
𠀄

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 衛
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷads): semantic 行 + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • uei5 - vernacular;
  • uei4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 衛
    Mandarin Beijing /uei⁵¹/
    Harbin /uei²¹³/
    Tianjin /vei⁵³/
    Jinan /vei²¹/
    Qingdao /ve⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /uei³¹²/
    Xi'an /uei⁴⁴/
    Xining /uɨ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /vei⁵³/ 保～
    /vei¹³/ ～生
    Lanzhou /vei³¹/
    Ürümqi /vei²¹³/
    Wuhan /uei³⁵/
    Chengdu /uei¹³/
    Guiyang /uei²¹³/
    Kunming /uei²¹²/
    Nanjing /uəi⁴⁴/
    Hefei /ue⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /vei⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /uei³⁵/
    Hohhot /vei⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦue²³/
    Suzhou /ɦue̞³¹/
    Hangzhou /ɦui¹³/
    Wenzhou /vu²²/
    Hui Shexian /ue²²/
    Tunxi /ue¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /uei⁵⁵/
    /uei¹¹/
    Xiangtan /uəi⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /ui²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /vi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /vui⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐi²²/
    Nanning /wɐi²²/
    Hong Kong /wɐi²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ue²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /uɔi²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /ue³⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /hui³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 衛
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 云 (35)
    Final (韻) 祭 (38)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 于歲切
    Baxter hjwejH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦˠiuᴇiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷᵚieiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣiuæiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦjwiajH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣjuɛiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣĭwɛiH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/i̯wɛiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wèi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		wai6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 衛
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wèi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hjwejH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɢ]ʷ(r)a[t]-s/
    English to guard

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 衛
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12964
    Phonetic
    component         		衛
    Rime
    group         		祭
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		衞
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢʷads/
    Notes 金文象四圍巡衛，
    與韋有異

    Definitions

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    衛

    1. to guard; to protect; to defend
      守衛／守卫  ―  shǒuwèi  ―  to guard
    2. security guard
      門衛／门卫  ―  ménwèi  ―  gatekeeper
    3. (～國) the State of Wey during the Zhou dynasty, located in modern-day northeastern Henan province
    4. short for 衛生／卫生 (wèishēng, “hygiene; health”)
    5. short for 衛生間／卫生间 (wèishēngjiān, “toilet; bathroom”)
    6. (astronomy) satellite (in satellite names)
      土衛六／土卫六  ―  Tǔwèiliù  ―  Titan
    7. a surname
      衛立煌／卫立煌  ―  Wèi Lìhuáng  ―  Wei Lihuang (Chinese general who served the Nationalist government)

    Compounds

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    References

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    Japanese

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    Shinjitai

    		衛

    Kyūjitai

    		衞

    Kanji

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    衛

    (Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 衞)

    1. defense
    2. protection

    Readings

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    • Go-on: え (e)←ゑ (we, historical)
    • Kan-on: えい (ei, Jōyō)←ゑい (wei, historical)
    • Kun: まもる (mamoru, 衛る)
    • Nanori: まもる (mamoru)

    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    衛
    えい
    Grade: 5
    kan'on
    Alternative spelling
    衞 (kyūjitai)

    From Middle Chinese 衛 (MC hjwejH).

    The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

    Pronunciation

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    Affix

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    衛(えい) • (ei) ←ゑい (wei)?

    1. defend; protect; guard

    Proper noun

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    衛(えい) • (Ei) ←ゑい (Wei)?

    1. (historical) Wey (state)

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    衛
    え
    Grade: 5
    goon
    Alternative spelling
    衞 (kyūjitai)

    From Middle Chinese 衛 (MC hjwejH).

    The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

    Pronunciation

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    Affix

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    衛(え) • (e) ←ゑ (we)?

    1. (rare) defend; protect; guard

    Etymology 3

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    Kanji in this term
    衛
    まもる
    Grade: 5
    nanori
    Alternative spelling
    衞 (kyūjitai)

    Proper noun

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    衛(まもる) • (Mamoru) 

    1. a male given name

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    衛 (eumhun 지킬 위 (jikil wi))

    1. hanja form? of 위 (“protection”)

    Compounds

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    衛: Hán Việt readings: vệ[1][2][3][4][5][6]
    衛: Nôm readings: về[1][2][3][4][5][6], vệ[5]

    1. chữ Hán form of vệ (“(only in compounds) to protect”)
    2. chữ Nôm form of về
      1. to return, to come back
      2. about; on

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hồ (1976).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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