國人

Chinese

		country; state; nation	man; person; people
trad. (國人)		國	人
simp. (国人)		国	人

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guórén

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwok³ jan⁴
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): gog⁴ ring⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guórén
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guórén
    • Wade–Giles: kuo²-jên²
    • Yale: gwó-rén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gworen
    • Palladius: гожэнь (gožɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwok³ jan⁴
    • Yale: gwok yàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwok⁸ jan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: guog³ yen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gog⁴ ring⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kok jîng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kok̚²⁻⁴ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kwok nyin

Rime
Character	國	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	登 (132)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古或切	如鄰切
Baxter	kwok	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwək̚/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷək̚/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/kuək̚/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwək̚/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/kuək̚/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/kuək̚/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwək̚/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwak1	jan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.q]ʷˤək  ni[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯːɡ  njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	國	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guó	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ kwok ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.q]ʷˁək/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	state (n.)	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	國	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5547	10800
Phonetic component	或	人
Rime group	職	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	國	仁
Old Chinese	/*kʷɯːɡ/	/*njin/

Noun

國人

1. compatriot; fellow countryman

   國人原創漫畫／国人原创漫画  ―  guórén yuánchuàng mànhuà  ―  domestic original manhua

   • 夫也不良、國人知之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫也不良、国人知之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Fū yě bùliáng, guórén zhī zhī. [Pinyin]

     That man is not good, and the people of the State know it.

   • 國人皆曰不可，然後察之；見不可焉，然後去之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     国人皆曰不可，然后察之；见不可焉，然后去之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Guórén jiē yuē bùkě, rán hòu chá zhī; jiàn bùkě yān, rán hòu qù zhī. [Pinyin]

     But if all the people of the state say he is unworthy, investigate, and if you find that he is indeed unworthy, only then dismiss him

2. (historical) passer-by

   • 假之有弟兄資財而分者，且順情性，好利而欲得，若是，則兄弟相拂奪矣；且化禮義之文理，若是，則讓乎國人矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     假之有弟兄资财而分者，且顺情性，好利而欲得，若是，则兄弟相拂夺矣；且化礼义之文理，若是，则让乎国人矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Jiǎ zhī yǒu dìxiōng zīcái ér fēn zhě, qiě shùn qíngxìng, hǎolì ér yùdé, ruòshì, zé xiōngdì xiàng fú duó yǐ; qiě huà lǐyì zhī wénlǐ, ruòshì, zé ràng hū guórén yǐ. [Pinyin]

     Suppose there were brothers with financial resources to divide: let them they follow their sentiments and natures –that is, fondness for benefit and desire for gain; if so, they would despoil and deprive each other; yet let them be changed by the forms and reasons of propriety and rectitude; if so, they would give away (their financial resources) to passers-by.

Synonyms

• (compatriot): 同文 (tóngwén) (literary, figurative)