木瓜

Chinese

		tree; wood	melon; claw; gourd melon; claw; gourd; squash
trad. (木瓜)		木	瓜
simp. #(木瓜)		木	瓜

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mùguā

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): muk⁶ gwaa¹
• Jin (Wiktionary): meh⁴ gua¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k-koa / bo̍k-koe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhag⁸ guê¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁸moq-ko

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mùguā
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mùgua
    • Wade–Giles: mu⁴-kua¹
    • Yale: mù-gwā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muhgua
    • Palladius: мугуа (mugua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: muk⁶ gwaa¹
    • Yale: muhk gwā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: muk⁹ gwaa¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: mug⁶ gua¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊk̚² kʷaː⁵⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: meh⁴ gua¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /məʔ²⁻⁵⁴ kua¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k-koa
    • Tâi-lô: bo̍k-kua
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bogkoaf
    • IPA (Penang): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³ kua³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² kua⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kua⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴⁻² kua³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k-koe
    • Tâi-lô: bo̍k-kue
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bogkoef
    • IPA (Singapore): /bɔk̚⁴³⁻²¹ kue⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² kue⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhag⁸ guê¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ba̍k kue
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /bak̚⁴⁻² kue³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁸moq-ko
    • MiniDict: moh^入 ko
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵moq-ko
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moʔ¹¹ ko²³/

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• Middle Chinese: muwk kwae

Rime
Character	木	瓜
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (3)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	莫卜切	古華切
Baxter	muwk	kwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muk̚/	/kˠua/
Pan Wuyun	/muk̚/	/kʷᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/muk̚/	/kua/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwk̚/	/kwaɨ/
Li Rong	/muk̚/	/kua/
Wang Li	/muk̚/	/kwa/
Bernard Karlgren	/muk̚/	/kwa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mù	guā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	muk6	gwaa1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.mˤok  kʷˤra/

  (Zhengzhang): /*moːɡ  kʷraː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	木	瓜
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mù	guā
Middle Chinese	‹ muwk ›	‹ kwæ ›
Old Chinese	/*C.mˁok/	/*kʷˁra/
English	tree, wood	melon, gourd
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	木	瓜
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9327	4340
Phonetic component	木	瓜
Rime group	屋	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	木	瓜
Old Chinese	/*moːɡ/	/*kʷraː/

Noun

木瓜(1)

木瓜 (2)

木瓜

1. Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis) or plants in the genus Chaenomeles

   • 投我以木瓜、
     報之以瓊琚。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     投我以木瓜、
     报之以琼琚。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Tóu wǒ yǐ mùguā,
     Bào zhī yǐ qióngjū. [Pinyin]

     There was presented to me a quince,
     And I returned for it a beautiful red-jade pendant.

   1. Chinese flowering quince (Chaenomeles speciosa)
2. papaya (Carica papaya)
3. (figurative) one who is slow in understanding or reacting

   愛情木瓜／爱情木瓜  ―  àiqíng mùguā  ―  A Fool In Love [song name]

Synonyms

• (Chinese quince): 榠楂 (míngzhā)
• (papaya):

Dialectal synonyms of 木瓜 (“papaya”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		番木瓜, 木瓜
Taxonomic name		番木瓜
Mandarin	Taiwan	木瓜
	Guilin	木瓜
	Liuzhou	木瓜
	Singapore	木瓜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	木瓜, 萬壽果
	Hong Kong	木瓜, 萬壽果
	Taishan	木瓜
	Kaiping (Chikan)	木瓜
	Dongguan	萬壽果, 木瓜
	Singapore (Guangfu)	木瓜
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	木瓜
Gan	Lichuan	木瓜
	Pingxiang	木瓜
Hakka	Meixian	木瓜
	Raoping (Xinfeng)	奶瓜
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	木瓜
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	木瓜
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	木瓜
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	木瓜
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	木瓜
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	木瓜
	Hong Kong	奶瓜
Southern Min	Xiamen	萬壽匏, 奶匏, 番匏
	Quanzhou	萬壽匏, 番匏
	Taipei (Wanhua)	木瓜
	Kaohsiung	木瓜
	Yilan	木瓜
	Changhua (Lukang)	木瓜
	Taichung	木瓜
	Taichung (Wuqi)	木瓜
	Tainan	木瓜
	Taitung	木瓜
	Hsinchu	木瓜
	Penghu (Magong)	木瓜
	Penang (Hokkien)	木瓜
	Singapore (Hokkien)	奶瓜, 木瓜
	Manila (Hokkien)	木瓜
	Shantou	奶瓜
	Haifeng	木瓜
	Leizhou	柴冬瓜
	Wenchang	番瓜
	Tunchang	番瓜
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	木瓜
Wu	Danyang	木瓜

Derived terms

• 木瓜海棠
• 木瓜牛奶
• 木瓜紅／木瓜红
• 木瓜酵素
• 番木瓜 (fānmùguā)
• 花木瓜

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (木瓜):

• → Japanese: 木(ぼ)瓜(け) (boke); 木(ぼっ)瓜(か) (bokka); 木(も)瓜(け) (moke); 木(もっ)瓜(か) (mokka)
• → Korean: 목과(木瓜) (mokgwa), 모과(木瓜) (mogwa)
• → Vietnamese: mộc qua (木瓜)

Others:

• → Zhuang: moeggva

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
木	瓜
Grade: 1	Jinmeiyō
irregular

Kanji in this term
木	瓜
ぼく > ぼっ Grade: 1	か Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ボ​ケ [bóꜜkè] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bo̞ke̞]

• IPA^(key): [mo̞ke̞]

• (Tokyo) ぼ​っか [bóꜜkkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bo̞k̚ka̠]

Noun

木瓜(ぼけ) or 木瓜(ボケ) • (boke)  (alternative reading hiragana もけ, rōmaji moke) (alternative reading hiragana ぼっか, rōmaji bokka, historical hiragana ぼくくわ)

1. Chaenomeles speciosa

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
木	瓜
もく > もっ Grade: 1	か Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) も​っか [móꜜkkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [mo̞k̚ka̠]

Noun

木(もっ)瓜(か) • (mokka) ^{←もくくわ (mokukwa)?}

1. fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa or Pseudocydonia sinensis
2. papaya

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
木	瓜
Grade: 1	Jinmeiyō
irregular

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʲɨᵝːɾʲi]

Noun

木瓜(きゅうり) or 木瓜(キュウリ) • (kyūri) 

1. Alternative form of 胡瓜

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
木	瓜
Grade: 1	Jinmeiyō
irregular

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) もっこー [mòkkóó] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) も​っこー [móꜜkkòò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [mo̞k̚ko̞ː]

• IPA^(key): [mo̞ko̞ː]

Noun

木瓜(もっこう) • (mokkō) ^{←もくかう (mokukau)?} (alternative reading hiragana もこう, rōmaji mokō, historical hiragana もかう)

1. Synonym of バイカアマチャ
2. Short for 木瓜紋.

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
木	瓜

Noun

木瓜

1. chữ Hán form of mộc qua (“quince”).