巖

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See also: 巌 and 岩
巖 U+5DD6, 巖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DD6
← 巕
[U+5DD5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 巗 →
[U+5DD7]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 巌/岩
Simplified 岩
Traditional 巖/岩

Han character[edit]

巖 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+20, 23 strokes, cangjie input 山口口大 (URRK), four-corner 22248, composition ⿱山嚴)

  1. cliff, precipice
  2. cave, grotto

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 323, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8649
  • Dae Jaweon: page 623, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 808, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5DD6

Chinese[edit]

trad. 巖/岩*
simp. 岩*
nonstandard simp. 𰎠
alternative forms 巗／岩
巌
礹／𰦾

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撖 *kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉 *l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ
噉 *l'aːmʔ
敢 *klaːmʔ
橄 *klaːmʔ
瞰 *kʰlaːms
闞 *kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨 *qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms
譀 *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖 *ŋraːm
礹 *ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ
豃 *qʰraːmʔ
讝 *kjam
玁 *hŋramʔ
嚴 *ŋam
儼 *ŋamʔ
曮 *ŋamʔ
釅 *ŋams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːm) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 嚴 (OC *ŋam).

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 巖
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 銜 (149)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五銜切
Baxter ngaem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠam/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋᵚam/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋam/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋaɨm/
Li
Rong 		/ŋam/
Wang
Li 		/ŋam/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋam/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngaam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 巖
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngæm ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ŋ]ˁr[a]m/ (< uvular?)
English rocky, lofty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 巖
Reading # 1/1
No. 3684
Phonetic
component 		敢
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		巖
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋraːm/

Definitions[edit]

巖

  1. (of a military position) dangerous and important
    制，巖邑也，虢叔死焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    制，岩邑也，虢叔死焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Zhì, yán yì yě, Guó Shū sǐ yān. [Pinyin]
    The Zhi area is a dangerous and important place, Guo Shu died there.

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 巖 – see 岩 (“cliff; rock; stone; -ite; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 岩).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

巌

Kyūjitai

巖

Kanji[edit]

巖

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 巌)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

巖 • (am, eom) (hangeul 암, 엄, revised am, eom, McCune–Reischauer am, ŏm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

巖: Hán Nôm readings: nham

  1. same as nham 碞

Readings[edit]

References[edit]

  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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