尤

See also: 尢 and ㄤ

尤 U+5C24, 尤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C24 ← 尣 [U+5C23] CJK Unified Ideographs 尥 → [U+5C25]

Translingual

Han character

尤 (Kangxi radical 43, 尢+1, 4 strokes, Cangjie input 戈大山 (IKU), four-corner 4301₀, composition ⿺尢丶)

Derived characters

• 㕱, 㚭, 忧, 扰, 沋, 肬, 犹, 紌(𬘕), 蚘, 𦬓, 訧, 㞃, 𨠄, 𨠫, 䤞, 就, 駀, 魷(鱿), 尨, 𡯟, 𬡸, 𪨈, 疣, 𰀳, 𡰖

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 298, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7543
• Dae Jaweon: page 593, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 551, character 14
• Unihan data for U+5C24

Chinese

simp. and trad.		尤

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 尤
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (尤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
尤	*ɢʷɯ
疣	*ɢʷɯ
肬	*ɢʷɯ
沋	*ɢʷɯ
訧	*ɢʷɯ
忧	*ɢʷɯs
蚘	*ɢʷɯː

Pictogram (象形) – hand with a wart. Original form of 疣 and 肬.

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan; compare Tibetan ཡུས (yus, “blame, charge, accusation”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yóu (you²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yù
• Eastern Min (BUC): iù
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iu⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶yeu / ²yeu / ²yu / ²you
  • (Jinhua): ²ieu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yóu
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yóu
    • Wade–Giles: yu²
    • Yale: yóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: you
    • Palladius: ю (ju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jau⁴
    • Yale: yàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
    • Hakka Romanization System: iu^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯u¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieu⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: iu²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: iu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû
    • Tâi-lô: iû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iuu
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /iu²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iu²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /iu²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yeu
    • MiniDict: yeu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɤ²³/
  • (Northern: Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ²yeu
    • MiniDict: yeu^平
    • MiniDict: yu^平
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɦiɯ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦiɵ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦʏ²²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɦiəu³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦiø²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɦiɤ²³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɦiʏ³¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ɦiu²²/
  • (Northern: Jiading)
    • Wugniu: ²yu
    • MiniDict: yu^平
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ɦy³¹/
  • (Northern: Changzhou)
    • Wugniu: ²you
    • MiniDict: you^平
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦiɤɯ¹³/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ²ieu
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /iu³¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: hjuw

Rime
Character	尤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羽求切
Baxter	hjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuw/
Li Rong	/ɣiu/
Wang Li	/ɣĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	尤
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yóu
Middle Chinese	‹ hjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷə/
English	fault; even more
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	尤
Reading #	1/1
No.	15503
Phonetic component	尤
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	尤
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷɯ/
Notes	甲文象又（手）上加筆指疣

Definitions

尤

1. fault; flaw
2. to fault; to blame

   效尤  ―  xiàoyóu  ―  to follow bad examples (literally, “to imitate the blameworthy”)

3. (literary) strange; special; outstanding
4. (literary) especially; particularly; even more
5. a surname

Compounds

• 不怨不尤
• 以儆效尤 (yǐjǐngxiàoyóu)
• 勒尤 (lèyóu)
• 天生尤物
• 尤人
• 尤其 (yóuqí)
• 尤悔
• 尤態 / 尤态
• 尤有甚者
• 尤殢 / 尤𣨼
• 尤物 (yóuwù)
• 尤甚 (yóushèn)
• 尤異 / 尤异 (yóuyì)
• 尤至
• 尤詬 / 尤诟
• 尤違 / 尤违
• 尤里西斯
• 尤金 (Yóujīn)
• 尤雲殢雨 / 尤云𣨼雨
• 忍尤含詬 / 忍尤含诟
• 怨天尤人 (yuàntiān-yóurén)
• 怨尤
• 悔尤
• 愆尤 (qiānyóu)
• 拔尤
• 效尤 (xiàoyóu)
• 殊豔尤態 / 殊艳尤态
• 殢雨尤雲 / 𣨼雨尤云
• 殢雲尤雨 / 𣨼云尤雨
• 淑尤
• 無恥之尤 / 无耻之尤 (wúchǐzhīyóu)
• 石尤風 / 石尤风
• 競相效尤 / 竞相效尤
• 群起效尤
• 蚩尤 (Chīyóu)
• 蚩尤戲 / 蚩尤戏 (Chīyóuxì)
• 蚩尤旗 (Chīyóuqí)
• 起而效尤
• 逢尤
• 離尤 / 离尤

References

• “Query for 尤”, in 臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
• “尤”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “尤”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 288.

Japanese

Kanji

尤

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. reasonable
2. just
3. natural
4. superb
5. outstanding
6. plausible

Readings

• Go-on: う (u)
• Kan-on: ゆう (yū)^{←いう (iu, historical)}
• Kun: とがめる (togameru, 尤める)、とが (toga)、もっとも (mottomo, 尤も)、すぐれる (sugureru, 尤れる)
• Nanori: まさる (masaru)

Korean

Hanja

尤 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u)

1. especially, particularly

Vietnamese

Han character

尤: Hán Nôm readings: vưu

1. (Rare) A Vietnamese surname