關關

See also: 关关

Chinese

		to close; to shut; to turn off to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass	to close; to shut; to turn off to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass
trad. (關關)		關	關
simp. (关关)		关	关

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guānguān

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ ㄍㄨㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan¹ gwaan¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guānguān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄍㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guanguan
    • Wade–Giles: kuan¹-kuan¹
    • Yale: gwān-gwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanguan
    • Palladius: гуаньгуань (guanʹguanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwaan¹ gwaan¹
    • Yale: gwāan gwāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan¹ gwaan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: guan¹ guan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːn⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kwaen kwaen

Rime
Character	關
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古還切
Baxter	kwaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuan/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨn/
Li Rong	/kuan/
Wang Li	/kwan/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤro[n]  [k]ˤro[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kroːn  kroːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	關
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guān
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæn ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁro[n]/
English	關關 kwæn.kwæn [bird’s cry]
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	關
Reading #	1/1
No.	8640
Phonetic component	卵
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	關
Old Chinese	/*kroːn/

Adverb

關關

1. (archaic, onomatopoeia) the sound of birds chirping

   • 關關雎鳩，在河之洲。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     关关雎鸠，在河之洲。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Guānguān jūjiū, zài hé zhī zhōu. [Pinyin]

     Guan-guan go the ospreys, On the islet in the river.