冰

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See also: 氷 and 仌
冰 U+51B0, 冰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51B0
← 冯
[U+51AF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 冱 →
[U+51B1]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Traditional 冰
Simplified 冰
Japanese 氷
Korean 氷

Han character[edit]

冰 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈一水 (IME), four-corner 32130, composition ⿰冫水)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1612
  • Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 295, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+51B0

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 冰
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Vulgar character
Characters in the same phonetic series (仌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
冫 *prɯŋ
冰 *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ
砅 *pʰrɯŋ, *rads
馮 *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ
憑 *bɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ): semantic 水 + phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ). The above vulgar character in Shuowen Jiezi is 凝 (níng).

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 冰
alternative forms
 
仌
冫
氷
𣲝
𨻱
仌
冫
氷
𣲝
𨻱
𣲙
仒

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed). Compare Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). Cognate with 凌 (OC *rɯŋ, “ice”) and possibly 凝 (OC *ŋrɯŋ, “to congeal”) (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). STEDT also includes 雱 (OC *pʰaːŋ, “heavy (snowfall)”) and 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “snowflake”) in its Chinese comparandum.

Alternatively, this may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”)[1], from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 冰
Mandarin Beijing /piŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /piŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /piŋ²¹/
Jinan /piŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /piŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /piŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /piŋ²¹/
Xining /piə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /piŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /pĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /piŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /pin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /pin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /pin⁵⁵/
Kunming /pĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /pin³¹/
Hefei /pin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /piəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /piŋ¹³/
Hohhot /pĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /piŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /pin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /pin³³/
Wenzhou /peŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /piʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /pɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /pin³³/
Xiangtan /pin³³/
Gan Nanchang /pin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /pen⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /pen²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /peŋ⁵³/
Nanning /peŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /piŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /piŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /piŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pain⁵⁴/
/peiŋ⁵⁴/ 新
Shantou (Min Nan) /piã³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbeŋ²³/
Rime
Character 冰
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 筆陵切
Baxter ping
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/piŋ/
Li
Rong 		/piəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/pĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冰
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ping ›
Old
Chinese 		/*p.rəŋ/ (dialect: *p.r- > *pr-)
English ice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冰
Reading # 1/2
No. 856
Phonetic
component 		仌
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		冫
Old
Chinese 		/*pŋrɯŋ/

Definitions[edit]

冰

  1. ice (Classifier: 塊／块 m)
    冰塊／冰块  ―  bīngkuài  ―  ice cube
  2. ice-cold
  3. to freeze; to ice
  4. (slang, drug) methamphetamine; meth; ice
    溜冰  ―  liūbīng  ―  to smoke meth
  5. a surname: Bing
Synonyms[edit]
  • (ice):
Dialectal synonyms of 冰 (“ice”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 冰, 凌
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 冰
Mandarin Beijing 冰
Taiwan 冰
Tianjin 冰
Tangshan 冰
Cangzhou 冰
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 凌
Baoding 冰
Shijiazhuang 冰
Chifeng 冰, 冰冰
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 冰
Harbin 冰
Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 冰
Shenyang 冰, 凍
Yantai (Muping) 冰
Qingdao 冰
Weifang (Weicheng) 凍凍
Weifang (Fangzi) 凍凍
Weifang (Hanting) 凍凍
Changyi 凍凍
Gaomi 凍凍
Zhucheng 凍凍
Anqiu 凍凍
Changle 凍凍
Linqu 凍凍
Qingzhou 凍凍
Shouguang 凍凍
Rizhao 凍凍
Wulian 凍凍
Jinan 冰, 凍凍
Luoyang 冰, 冰凌
Wanrong 冬凌
Zhengzhou 冰
Xi'an 冰
Dingbian 冰
Yinchuan 冰
Lanzhou 冰, 凍
Xining 冰
Ürümqi 冰
Wuhan 凌, 凌冰, 冰, 凍
Hong'an 凌冰
Chengdu 冰, 凌冰, 凌冰兒
Muli 凌冰子
Chongqing 冰, 凌冰兒
Guiyang 冰, 凌冰 in nature
Kunming 冰凌
Guilin 冰
Pingle 冰
Liuzhou 冰
Luzhai 冰
Nanning (Wuming) 冰
Binyang (Nanjie) 冰
Yizhou 冰
Luocheng (Dongmen) 冰
Tianlin (Langping) 凝
Xiangzhou (Nalu) 冰
Xuzhou 凍凍, 冰冰, 冰
Yangzhou 冰
Nanjing 冰, 凍
Hefei 冰凍, 冰
Chuzhou 冰凍
Nantong 凍
Qimen (Anling Junhua) 冰凍
Singapore 冰
Reshuitang (Longling) 冰
Mae Salong (Lancang) 冰
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 冰
Oudomxay 冰棒
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 冰
Cantonese Guangzhou 雪, 冰
Hong Kong 冰, 雪
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 冰
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 冰
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 冰
Zhongshan (Chongkoumen Tanka) 冰, 雪
Taishan 冰
Taishan (Guanghai) 冰, 雪
Dongguan 冰, 雪
Yangjiang 冰
Wuzhou 冰
Yulin 冰
Hepu (Lianzhou) 冰
Hepu (Shatian) 冰
Guiping (Jintian) 冰
Guiping (Jiangkou) 冰
Guiping (Madong) 冰
Beiliu 冰
Baise 冰
Qinzhou 冰
Qinzhou (Changtan) 冰
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 冰
Beihai 冰
Beihai (Nankang) 冰
Beihai (Yingpan) 冰
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 冰
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 冰
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 冰
Chongzuo (Laituan) 冰, 霜 dated
Fusui (Qujiu) 冰, 霜 dated
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 冰
Danzhou 冰
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 冰
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 冰
Singapore (Guangfu) 冰
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 冰
Móng Cái 冰
Yangon (Taishan) 冰
Mandalay (Taishan) 冰
Gan Nanchang 冰, 冰凌
Pengze 凌冰
Yanshan 冰
Lichuan 冰凌
Pingxiang 冰, 凌冰 dated; in nature
Hakka Meixian 凝, 冰
Xingning 凝餅
Huidong (Daling) 凝
Dongguan (Qingxi) 冰
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 冰
Wuhua (Huacheng) 硬凝
Wuhua (Changbu) 凝
Wuhua (Mianyang) 冰
Heyuan (Bendihua) 冰
Wengyuan 冰
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 硬凝
Liannan 冰
Jiexi 冰
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 冰
Changting 凌冰
Wuping 凌冰
Wuping (Yanqian) 凌冰
Wuping (Pingyu) 硬凝
Liancheng 凌冰
Liancheng (Peitian) 凌冰
Ninghua 凌冰
Yudu 冰
Ningdu 凌冰
Ruijin 凌冰
Shicheng 凌冰
Shangyou (Shexi) 硬構
Tonggu (Sandu) 凌冰
Ganzhou (Panlong) 凌冰
Dayu 凌冰
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 冰
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 冰
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 冰
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 冰
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 冰
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 冰
Hong Kong 冰
Yangxi (Tangkou) 冰
Yangchun (Sanjia) 冰
Xinyi (Sihe) 雪
Xinyi (Qianpai) 冰
Gaozhou (Xindong) 冰
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 冰
Huazhou (Xin'an) 冰
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 冰
Lianjiang (Qingping) 冰
Mengshan (Xihe) 冰
Luchuan 冰
Bobai (Shahe) 冰
Bobai (Longtan) 冰
Bobai (Lingping) 冰
Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) 冰
Xingye (Gaofeng) 冰
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 冰
Pingle (Tong'an) 冰
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 冰
Senai (Huiyang) 冰
Singkawang 雪
Pontianak (Meixian) 雪
Huizhou Jixi 冰, 凍冰
Shexian (Xianggao) 冰
Shexian (Daguyun) 冰, 凍冰
Qimen (Anling Minhua) 冰凍
Jin Taiyuan 冰, 冰凌
Datong 冰
Datong (Yunzhou) 冰
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 冰凌
Xinzhou 冬蠟
Changzhi 冰凌
Linhe 冰
Jining 冰
Hohhot 冰
Handan 冰
Min Bei Jian'ou 冰, 霜冰
Pucheng (Shibei) 冰
Min Dong Fuzhou 冰
Gutian 冰
Min Nan Xiamen 冰, 霜
Quanzhou 冰, 霜
Zhangzhou 冰, 霜
Tainan 冰
Penang (Hokkien) 霜, 冰
Singapore (Hokkien) 霜, 冰
Manila (Hokkien) 霜
Pingnan (Pingtian) 冰
Guiping (Xiaowen) 冰
Guiping (Dongsheng) 冰
Guilin (Biyange) 冰
Chaozhou 霜, 冰
Shantou 冰
Jieyang 冰
Bangkok (Teochew) 霜水
Phnom Penh (Teochew) 冰霜
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 冰
Singapore (Teochew) 霜
Pontianak (Teochew) 冰
Wenchang 冰
Haikou 冰
Min Zhong Yong'an 霜冰
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 冰
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冰
Nanning (Gejiayuan) 冰
Nanning (Zhegulu) 冰
Nanning (Silian) 冰
Nanning (Xiuxiang) 冰
Binyang 冰
Chongzuo (Laituan) 冰
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 冰
Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 冰
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 冰
Lingchuan (Gaoqiao) 冰
Guanyang (Guanyinge) 雪
Shehua Fu'an 冰
Fuding 冰
Luoyuan 冰
Sanming 冰
Shunchang 冰
Hua'an 冰
Guixi (Zhangping) 冰
Cangnan 冰
Jingning 冰
Lishui 冰
Longyou 冰
Chaozhou 冰
Fengshun 雪
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 涼槓
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 凝鉤子
Wu Shanghai 冰
Shanghai (Chongming) 冰
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) 冰
Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) 冰
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 冰
Shanghai (Songjiang) 冰
Suzhou 冰
Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) 冰
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 冰
Wuxi 冰
Changshu 冰, 冰凍
Kunshan 冰
Jiaxing 冰
Changzhou 冰, 結冰
Liyang 冰
Yixing 冰
Danyang 冰, 凍
Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) 冰
Jingjiang 冰
Jiangyin 冰
Huzhou (Shuanglin) 冰
Hangzhou 冰
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 冰
Shaoxing 冰
Zhuji (Wangjiajing) 冰凍
Shengzhou (Chongren) 冰
Shengzhou (Taiping) 冰
Ningbo 冰
Yuyao 冰
Huangyan 冰
Wenzhou 冰, 霜冰 in nature
Quzhou 冰
Jinhua 冰
Jinhua (Tangxi) 冰
Yongkang 冰
Xiang Changsha 凌, 凌冰 in nature
Xiangxiang 冰
Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) 凌構子
Shuangfeng 構冷子
Hengshan 冰
Hengshan (Baiguo) 冰
Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) 冰, 凌, 凌構

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 冰 – see 凝 (“to coagulate; to congeal; to freeze; to focus; to concentrate; etc.”).
(This character, 冰, is an ancient form of 凝.)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jenner, P. 2009. Dictionary of Pre-Angkorian Khmer and Dictionary of Angkorian Khmer. Pacific Linguists. [1]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

冰

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. Alternative form of 氷

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

冰 (eumhun 얼음 빙 (eoreum bing))

  1. Alternative form of 氷 (“Hanja form? of 빙 (“ice”).”)

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Han character[edit]

冰: Hán Việt readings: băng (悲(bi)陵(lăng)切(thiết))[2][3][4][5]
冰: Nôm readings: băng[2][4][5][6], phăng[4][7][5][6], bâng[2][4][7], văng[3][4], bưng[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of băng (“ice”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  1. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Trần (2004).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hồ (1976).
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