議論

See also: 议论

Chinese

		criticize; discuss	to talk (about); to discuss; theory to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius)
trad. (議論)		議	論
simp. (议论)		议	论

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yìlùn

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵ leon⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngi-lun

  (Hailu, HRS): ngi^˖ lun^˖

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi⁵ long⁵ / gi⁵ luong⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gī-lūn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngi² lung⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yìlùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yìlùn
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴-lun⁴
    • Yale: yì-lwùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihluenn
    • Palladius: илунь (ilunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji⁵ leon⁶
    • Yale: yíh leuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵ loen⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵ lên⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³ lɵn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi-lun
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngi lun
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngi⁴ lun⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵ lun⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngi^˖ lun^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi³³ lun³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gi⁵ long⁵ [Phonetic: gi⁴ long⁵]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gī-leōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki¹¹⁻⁴² lɔŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gi⁵ luong⁵ [Phonetic: gi⁴ luong⁵]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki²¹⁻⁴² luoŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī-lūn
    • Tâi-lô: gī-lūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gixlun
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ɡi²²⁻²¹ lun²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡi⁴¹⁻²² lun⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi²²⁻²¹ lun²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ɡi³³⁻¹¹ lun³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡi³³⁻²¹ lun³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngi² lung⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngí lŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋi⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngjeH lwonH

Rime
Character	議	論
Reading #	1/1	3/3
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	支 (13)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	宜寄切	盧困切
Baxter	ngjeH	lwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiᴇH/	/luənH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚiɛH/	/luonH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɛH/	/luənH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjiə̆H/	/lwənH/
Li Rong	/ŋjeH/	/luənH/
Wang Li	/ŋǐeH/	/luənH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋie̯H/	/luənH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì	lùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji6	leon6

Verb

議論

1. to comment; to discuss; to talk; to debate

Synonyms

edit

• 交涉 (jiāoshè)
• 傾 / 倾 (king¹) (Cantonese, informal)
• 協商 / 协商 (xiéshāng)
• 協議 / 协议 (xiéyì)
• 口語 / 口语 (kǒuyǔ) (archaic)
• 商兌 / 商兑 (shāngduì) (literary)
• 商榷 (shāngquè) (chiefly in an academic context)
• 商洽 (shāngqià)
• 商討 / 商讨 (shāngtǎo)
• 商談 / 商谈 (shāngtán)
• 商議 / 商议 (shāngyì)
• 商量 (shāngliang)
• 思量 (Hokkien)
• 接接 (Hokkien)
• 接洽 (jiēqià) (formal)
• 插話 / 插话 (Hokkien)
• 會談 / 会谈 (huìtán)
• 槌摃鐵 / 槌𫼱铁 (Hokkien)
• 比接 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 洽商 (qiàshāng)
• 洽談 / 洽谈 (qiàtán)
• 申論 / 申论 (shēnlùn)
• 研究 (yánjiū)
• 磋商 (cuōshāng) (formal)
• 磋議 / 磋议 (cuōyì)
• 磨合 (móhé) (figurative)
• 觸牙 / 触牙 (Hokkien)
• 言說 / 言说 (yánshuō) (formal)
• 言論 / 言论 (yánlùn)
• 言辭 / 言辞 (yáncí) (literary)
• 計謀 / 计谋 (jìmóu) (literary)
• 計議 / 计议 (jìyì) (literary)
• 計較 / 计较
• 討論 / 讨论 (tǎolùn)
• 討議 / 讨议 (tǎoyì) (literary)
• 評 / 评 (píng) (literary, or in compounds)
• 評論 / 评论 (pínglùn)
• 說 / 说
• 說合 / 说合 (shuōhé)
• 說道 / 说道 (shuōdao) (colloquial)
• 談判 / 谈判 (tánpàn)
• 談論 / 谈论 (tánlùn)
• 謀 / 谋 (móu)
• 謀慮 / 谋虑 (móulǜ) (literary)
• 講論 / 讲论 (jiǎnglùn)
• 議 / 议 (yì)
• 錦議 / 锦议 (Hokkien)
• 闡論 / 阐论 (chǎnlùn) (literary)

Related terms

• 論說／论说 (lùnshuō)
• 評說／评说 (píngshuō)

Noun

議論

1. discussion; debate

Synonyms

edit

• 世論 / 世论 (shìlùn) (literary)
• 民意 (mínyì)
• 群情 (qúnqíng)
• 言論 / 言论 (yánlùn)
• 輿情 / 舆情 (yúqíng) (formal)
• 輿論 / 舆论 (yúlùn)

Derived terms

• 議論文 / 议论文 (yìlùnwén)
• 議論紛紛 / 议论纷纷 (yìlùnfēnfēn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
議	論
ぎ Grade: 4	ろん Grade: 6
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡʲiɾõ̞ɴ]
• (Tokyo) ぎろん [gíꜜròǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])

Noun

議(ぎ)論(ろん) • (giron) 

1. discussion

   歳出削減(さいしゅつさくげん)に関(かん)する議論(ぎろん)があった。

   Saishutsu sakugen ni kansuru giron ga atta.

   There was talk about budget cuts.

2. dispute, argument
3. debate

Verb

議(ぎ)論(ろん)する • (giron suru) transitive suru (stem 議(ぎ)論(ろん)し (giron shi), past 議(ぎ)論(ろん)した (giron shita))

1. discuss

   歳出削減(さいしゅつさくげん)について議論(ぎろん)した。

   Saishutsu sakugen ni tsuite giron shita.

   They talked about budget cuts.

2. to argue, to dispute
3. to debate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "議論する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	議論し	ぎろんし	giron shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	議論し	ぎろんし	giron shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	議論する	ぎろんする	giron suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	議論する	ぎろんする	giron suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	議論すれ	ぎろんすれ	giron sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	議論せよ¹ 議論しろ²	ぎろんせよ¹ ぎろんしろ²	giron seyo¹ giron shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	議論される	ぎろんされる	giron sareru
Causative	議論させる 議論さす	ぎろんさせる ぎろんさす	giron saseru giron sasu
Potential	議論できる	ぎろんできる	giron dekiru
Volitional	議論しよう	ぎろんしよう	giron shiyō
Negative	議論しない	ぎろんしない	giron shinai
Negative continuative	議論せず	ぎろんせず	giron sezu
Formal	議論します	ぎろんします	giron shimasu
Perfective	議論した	ぎろんした	giron shita
Conjunctive	議論して	ぎろんして	giron shite
Hypothetical conditional	議論すれば	ぎろんすれば	giron sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

See also

• ディベート (dibēto)

References

• “議論”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

• Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
議	論

Noun

議論 • (uinon) (hangeul 의논)

1. hanja form^? of 의논 (“discussion; debate”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
議	論

Noun

議論

1. chữ Hán form of nghị luận (“criticism”)