glucose

See also: Glucose and glucosé

English

Haworth projection of glucose (α-d-glucopyranose)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Hellenic *dléukus?

Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos)der.

French glucose

English glucose

From French glucose, from Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “wine, must”). By surface analysis, gluco- +‎ -ose; note that -ose is derived from the word glucose.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/, /ˈɡluː.kəʊs/
• (US, Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈɡlu.koʊs/, /ˈɡlu.koʊz/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Audio (Canada):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːkəʊs, -uːkəʊz
• Hyphenation: glu‧cose

Noun

glucose (countable and uncountable, plural glucoses)

1. (biochemistry) A simple monosaccharide (sugar) with a molecular formula of C₆H₁₂O₆; a principle source of energy for cellular metabolism.

   Synonyms: blood sugar, corn sugar, grape sugar

   Hypernyms: aldohexose < hexose < monosaccharide < saccharide, carbohydrate

   Hyponyms: dextrose, D-glucose, L-glucose, dextroglucose, glucopyranose, glucofuranose

Derived terms

• anhydroglucose
• carboxymethyl glucose
• confectioner's glucose
• deoxyglucose
• fasting glucose
• fluorodeoxyglucose
• glucase
• glucosamine
• glucose 6-phosphate
• glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
• glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
• glucose-fructose
• glucose-fructose syrup
• glucoselike
• glucose syrup
• glucosic
• glucoside
• glucosiduronate
• glucosuria
• glucosyl
• glucuronic
• glucurono-
• glutose
• glycerophosphoglucose
• isoglucose
• monoglucose
• nitroglucose
• nonglucose
• oral glucose
• pentagalloylglucose
• phosphatidylglucose
• phosphoglucose
• phosphoglucoseisomerase
• polyglucose
• random glucose

Related terms

• licorice

Translations

simple monosaccharide sugar

• Albanian: glukozë (sq) f
• Arabic: جلوكوز (ar) m (g(o)lukōz)
• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Bengali: গ্লুকোজ (bn) (glukōj)
• Catalan: glucosa (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 葡萄糖 (pou⁴ tou⁴ tong⁴)

  Hokkien: 葡萄糖 (phû-tô-thn̂g, phô-tô-thn̂g, phôe-tô-thn̂g, pû-tô-thn̂g)

  Mandarin: 葡萄糖 (zh) (pútáotáng, literally “grape sugar”)

• Czech: glukóza (cs) f
• Danish: glukose (da), druesukker
• Dutch: glucose (nl) m or f, druivensuiker (nl) m
• Esperanto: glukozo (eo)
• Faroese: drúvusukur n
• Finnish: glukoosi (fi), rypälesokeri (fi)
• French: glucose (fr) m
• Georgian: გლუკოზა (gluḳoza)
• German: Glukose (de) f, Traubenzucker (de) m
• Greek: γλυκόζη (el) f (glykózi)
• Hawaiian: monakō
• Hebrew: גלוקוז (he) m (glukóz)
• Hindi: ग्लूकोज़ (glūkoz), द्राक्षधु (drākṣadhu)
• Hungarian: glükóz (hu), szőlőcukor (hu)
• Icelandic: glúkósi (is) m
• Ido: glikoso (io)
• Indonesian: glukosa (id)
• Irish: glúcós m
• Italian: glucosio (it) m
• Japanese: ブドウ糖 (ja) (ぶどうとう, budōtō), 葡萄糖 (ja) (ぶどうとう, budōtō), グルコース (ja) (gurukōsu)
• Khmer: គ្លុយកូស (kluykouh), មធុរជាតិ (mĕəʼthurĕəʼciət) (rare)
• Korean: 포도당(葡萄糖) (ko) (pododang), 글루코스 (geullukoseu)
• Latvian: glikoze (lv) f
• Lithuanian: gliukozė f
• Maltese: glukows m
• Māori: hukatoto
• Marathi: ग्लुकोज n (glukoj)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: глюкоз (mn) (gljukoz), усан үзмийн чихэр (usan üzmiin čixer), үзмийн чихэр (üzmiin čixer) (China)

• Navajo: chʼiyáán náálkąąd bee jiinánígíí
• Norwegian: glukose, druesukker
• Persian: گلوکوز (glukôz), قند انگور (qand-e angur)
• Polish: glukoza (pl) f, cukier gronowy (pl) m
• Portuguese: glicose (pt), glucose f
• Romanian: glucoză (ro) f
• Russian: глюко́за (ru) f (gljukóza)
• Slovak: glukóza (sk)
• Slovene: glukoza, grozdni sladkor m
• Spanish: glucosa (es) f
• Swahili: glukosi (sw)
• Swedish: glukos (sv), dextros, druvsocker (sv), blodsocker (sv)
• Tagalog: glukosa
• Thai: กลูโคส (th) (gluu-kóot)
• Turkish: glikoz (tr), üzüm şekeri (tr)
• Ukrainian: глюко́за (uk) f (hljukóza)
• Vietnamese: glucozơ, glu-cô (vi)
• Welsh: glwcos m, siwgwr grawn m

See also

• glycose
• levoglucose

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

glucose m (uncountable, no diminutive)

1. (biochemistry) glucose

   Synonym: druivensuiker

French

Etymology

Coined by French chemist Eugène-Melchior Péligot, from Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”). By surface analysis, gluco- +‎ -ose.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡly.koz/

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Brétigny-sur-Orge)):

  (file)

Noun

glucose m (plural glucoses)

1. (biochemistry) glucose

Derived terms

• glucosé
• glucoser
• glucoserie
• glucoside
• reglucoser

Verb

glucose

1. inflection of glucoser:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “glucose”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Portuguese

Etymology

Internationalism. Borrowed from French glucose. By surface analysis, gluco- +‎ -ose.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡliˈkɔ.zi/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡliˈkɔ.zɨ/

• Rhymes: -ɔzi
• Hyphenation: glu‧co‧se

Noun

glucose f (plural glucoses)

1. (biochemistry) synonym of glicose (“glucose”)

Further reading

• “glucose”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “glucose”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “glucose”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
• “glucose”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026