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高麗

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 高丽

Chinese

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Etymology 1

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    high; tall beautiful; Korea
    trad. (高麗)
    simp. (高丽)

    From a shortening of 高句麗高句丽 (Gāogōulí).

    Pronunciation

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    Note: Often mispronounced as Gāolì.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1 1/2
    Initial () (28) (37)
    Final () (89) (11)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division () I III
    Fanqie
    Baxter kaw lje
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kɑu/ /liᴇ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kɑu/ /liɛ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kɑu/ /ljɛ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kaw/ /liə̆/
    Li
    Rong
    /kɑu/ /lie/
    Wang
    Li
    /kɑu/ /lǐe/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /kɑu/ /lie̯/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    gāo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gou1 lei4

    Proper noun

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    高麗

    1. (historical) Goryeo
    2. (historical) synonym of 高句麗 / 高句丽 (Gāogōulí): (historical) Goguryeo (an ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 37 BCE to 668 CE; at its maximum covering all of North Korea, the northern part of South Korea, parts of Manchuria in northeast China, and parts of Primorsky Krai in Russia)
    3. (historical or in compounds) Korea (a peninsula in East Asia, containing the countries of North Korea and South Korea; in full, Korean Peninsula)
      高麗高丽  ―  gāolíshēn  ―  Korean ginseng
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    Sino-Xenic (高麗):
    • Japanese: 高麗(こうらい) (kōrai)
    • Korean: 고려(高麗) (goryeo)
    • Vietnamese: Cao Li (高麗)

    Others:

    Noun

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    高麗

    1. (Southern Min) Korean ginseng
    Synonyms
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    References

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    Etymology 2

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      phonetic
      trad. (高麗)
      simp. (高丽)
      alternative forms 蓔藶蓔苈

      From Dutch kool.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      高麗

      1. (Teochew) cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
      Synonyms
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      Derived terms
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      Etymology 3

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        high; tall beautiful
        trad. (高麗)
        simp. (高丽)

        Pronunciation

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        Rime
        Character
        Reading # 1/1 2/2
        Initial () (28) (37)
        Final () (89) (39)
        Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
        Openness (開合) Open Open
        Division () I IV
        Fanqie
        Baxter kaw lejH
        Reconstructions
        Zhengzhang
        Shangfang
        /kɑu/ /leiH/
        Pan
        Wuyun
        /kɑu/ /leiH/
        Shao
        Rongfen
        /kɑu/ /lɛiH/
        Edwin
        Pulleyblank
        /kaw/ /lɛjH/
        Li
        Rong
        /kɑu/ /leiH/
        Wang
        Li
        /kɑu/ /lieiH/
        Bernhard
        Karlgren
        /kɑu/ /lieiH/
        Expected
        Mandarin
        Reflex
        gāo
        Expected
        Cantonese
        Reflex
        gou1 lai6
        BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
        Character
        Reading # 1/1 1/1
        Modern
        Beijing
        (Pinyin)
        gāo
        Middle
        Chinese
        ‹ kaw › ‹ lejH ›
        Old
        Chinese
        /*Cə.[k]ˁaw/ /*[r]ˁe-s/
        English high, tall symmetrical

        Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

        * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
        * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
        * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
        * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

        * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
        Zhengzhang system (2003)
        Character
        Reading # 1/1 1/2
        No. 3726 7914
        Phonetic
        component
        Rime
        group
        Rime
        subdivision
        1 2
        Corresponding
        MC rime
        Old
        Chinese
        /*kaːw/ /*reːls/

        Adjective

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        高麗

        1. (literary) noble and splendid

        Japanese

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        Etymology 1

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        Kanji in this term
        こま
        Grade: 2 Grade: S
        jukujikun
        Alternative spelling

        ⟨ko2ma⟩ → */koma//koma/

        From Old Japanese. As phonetic evidence, appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

        May be a Baekje ethnonym. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

        Alternatively, may be a Goguryeo word or name, given the history of the Koma clan, Goguryeo migrants to Eastern Honshū during the 660s.

        Pronunciation

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        Prefix

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        高麗(こま) (koma-

        1. [from 759] indicates something that was originally imported from the Korean Peninsula
        Derived terms
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        Proper noun

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        高麗(こま) (Koma

        1. [from 759] (historical) Goguryeo (an ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 37 BCE to 668 CE; at its maximum covering all of North Korea, the northern part of South Korea, parts of Manchuria in northeast China, and parts of Primorsky Krai in Russia)
        2. [from 759] (archaic) Korea, the Korean Peninsula (used more commonly in compounds than as a standalone term)
        3. [from 759] (historical) a county in Saitama Prefecture (originally settled in the mid-600s CE by immigrants from the Korean Peninsula; abolished as an administrative entity in 1896)
        Derived terms
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        • 独楽(こま) (koma): shortening of longer reading こまつぶり (komatsuburi), a compound of 高麗 (Koma, Goryeo; Korea; foreign lands) + つぶり (tsuburi, round thing; [spinning] top), described as a shift from 円ら (tsubura, round, roundness)

        Etymology 2

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        Kanji in this term
        こう
        Grade: 2
        らい
        Grade: S
        on'yomi goon
        Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia ja

        Borrowed from Middle Chinese 高麗. Cognate with modern Korean 고려(高麗) (Goryeo) and English Korea.

        Appeared at least late 10th century with this reading, attested in the Utsubo Monogatari, c. 970–999.

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        (こう)(らい) (kōraiかうらい (kaurai)?

        1. synonym of 高麗錦 (koma nishiki, Goguryeo brocade)
          • かうらいのあげばり十一間(じふいちけん)を、(いろこ)(ごと)()ちたり
            kōrai no agebari jūichi ken o, iroko no gotoku uchitari
            There is a temporary pavilion of 11 ken (about 20 m) long made of Korean brocade, which is driven like scales.
        2. short for 高麗縁 (kōrai beri, tatami border made from Goguryeo brocade)
        3. short for 高麗焼 (kōrai yaki, Korean pottery)
        4. synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi, maize, corn)
        Derived terms
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        Proper noun

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        (こう)(らい) (Kōraiかうらい (Kaurai)?

        1. [from late 10c.] (historical) the Goryeo kingdom, located on the Korean Peninsula 918–1392 CE
        2. the Goguryeo kingdom; or generally a synonym of 朝鮮 (chōsen, Korea).

        References

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        1. ^ , text [jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/manyoshu/Man14Yo.html#3465 here]
        2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
        3. 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

        Korean

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        Hanja in this term

        Proper noun

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        高麗 (goryeo) (hangeul 고려)

        1. hanja form? of 고려 (Goryeo)

        Okinawan

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        Kanji in this term
        こー
        Grade: 2
        れー
        Grade: S
        Verify A user has added this entry to requests for verification(+)
        If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

        Proper noun

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        (こー)(れー) (Kōrē

        1. Goryeo
        2. Korea (a geographic region consisting of two countries in East Asia, commonly known as South Korea and North Korea; formerly a single country)
          Synonym: 韓国 (Kankuku), 朝鮮 (Chōshin)
        3. Korea (a peninsula in East Asia, containing the countries of North Korea and South Korea; in full, Korean Peninsula)

        Vietnamese

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        chữ Hán Nôm in this term

        Proper noun

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        高麗

        1. chữ Hán form of Cao Ly/Cao Li/Cao Lệ
          1. (obsolete, term used in older texts for Korea) Korea (a geographic region consisting of two countries in East Asia, commonly known as South Korea and North Korea; formerly a single country)
          2. (history) Goryeo

        Synonyms

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