koke

See also: Appendix:Variations of "koke"

Abinomn

Noun

koke

1. grandmother

Basque

Etymology

Etymology tree

Aymarader.

Quechua kukabor.

Aymara kukader.

Spanish cocabor.

English coca

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos

Proto-Italic *-īnos

Latin -īnusder.

Old French -inbor.

Middle English -in

English -ine

English cocaineclip.

English cokebor.

Spanish coquebor.

Basque koke

Borrowed from Spanish coque, borrowed from English coke.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /koke/ [ko.ke]
• Rhymes: -oke, -e
• Hyphenation: ko‧ke

Noun

koke inan

1. coke (solid fuel from coal)

Declension

Declension of koke (inan V-stem)

	indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive	koke	kokea	kokeak	kokeok
ergative	kokek	kokeak	kokeek	kokeok
dative	kokeri	kokeari	kokeei	kokeoi
genitive	kokeren	kokearen	kokeen	kokeon
comitative	kokerekin	kokearekin	kokeekin	kokeokin
causative	kokerengatik	kokearengatik	kokeengatik	kokeongatik
benefactive	kokerentzat	kokearentzat	kokeentzat	kokeontzat
instrumental	kokez	kokeaz	kokeez	kokeotaz
inessive	koketan	kokean	kokeetan	kokeotan
locative	koketako	kokeko	kokeetako	kokeotako
allative	koketara	kokera	kokeetara	kokeotara
terminative	koketaraino	kokeraino	kokeetaraino	kokeotaraino
directive	koketarantz	kokerantz	kokeetarantz	kokeotarantz
destinative	koketarako	kokerako	kokeetarako	kokeotarako
ablative	koketatik	koketik	kokeetatik	kokeotatik
partitive	kokerik	—	—	—
prolative	koketzat	—	—	—

Further reading

• “koke”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

koke

1. (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of koken

Anagrams

• koek

Hawaiian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈko.ke/

Particle

koke

1. quick(ly), soon

   E hele koke ʻoe. ― Go quickly.

Related terms

• kokoke

Further reading

• koke in Combined Hawaiian Dictionary, at trussel2.com.

Japanese

Romanization

koke

1. Rōmaji transcription of こけ

Middle Low German

Etymology 1

Alteration of kȫkene, which see.

Pronunciation

• Stem vowel: ȫ²
  • (originally) IPA^(key): /kʏœkə/

Noun

kȫke f

1. kitchen

Alternative forms

• kȫkene

Etymology 2

From Old Saxon *kōko, from Proto-Germanic *kōkô. Originally masculine.

Pronunciation

• Stem vowel: ô¹
  • (originally) IPA^(key): /koːkə/

Noun

kôke m or f

2. A cake in the wider sense, any object of baked dough.
3. A residue from oil production.

Alternative forms

• koeke, kûke

Descendants

• German Low German: Kook, Kauken
  • ⇒ German Low German: Kookje (diminutive)
• Plautdietsch: Kuak
• → Estonian: kook
• → Latvian: kũka

Norwegian Bokmål

Water boiling in a pot.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²kuːkə/, [ˈkʰûːkə̌]
• Rhymes: -uːkə
• Hyphenation: ko‧ke

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German kôken, also kâken (“to cook; to boil”), from Proto-West Germanic *kokōn (“to cook”), borrowed from Late Latin cocō (“to cook”), a variant of Latin coquō (“to cook”) (infinitive coquere). The Latin verb derives from Proto-Italic *kʷekʷō, from Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti, from the root *pekʷ- (“to cook; to ripen”). The initial consonant was assimilated to the following labiovelar in Italic.

Displaced syde (“to cook; to boil”) in its older transitive sense of preparing food. The native verb, from Old Norse sjóða (“to boil; to cook”), survives with meanings including “to seethe, boil, bubble” and in figurative uses. Compare also dialectal søye (“to boil; to seethe”), related to syde, and obsolete velle (“to bring to a boil”), preserved in forvelle (“to blanch”).

Compare Norwegian Nynorsk koke (also koka), Danish koge, Swedish koka, Icelandic kokka, Dutch koken, German kochen and English cook (“to prepare food”), which likewise ultimately derive from the Latin verb.

Verb

koke (imperative kok, present tense koker, passive kokes, simple past kokte, supine kokt, past participle kokt, present participle kokende, verbal noun koking or kokning)

1. (intransitive) to boil; to be at the boiling point, or to cook in boiling liquid

   Vannet koker, og potetene kan legges i. ― The water is boiling, and the potatoes can be added.

   Eggene har kokt lenge nok. ― The eggs have boiled long enough.

   • 1879, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, Norske Folke- og Huldre-Eventyr, page 51:

     vandet kogte alt i gryden

     the water was already boiling in the pot

   • 1879, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, Norske Folke- og Huldre-Eventyr, page 169:

     har du kjendt saa hedt kogende?

     have you ever felt anything boiling so hot?

   koke opp — to come to a boil

   Melken begynte å koke opp, så jeg skrudde ned varmen. ― The milk began to come to a boil, so I turned down the heat.

   koke over — to boil over

   Suppen kokte over mens jeg dekket bordet. ― The soup boiled over while I was setting the table.

   koke inn — to reduce in volume through boiling; to boil down

   La sausen koke inn til den blir tykkere. ― Let the sauce reduce until it thickens.

   • 1905, Henriette Schønberg Erken, Levningers anvendelse samt lidt om opbevaring og hermetisk nedlægning‎^[1], page 8:

     Melken haves i gryde og koger raskt ind under stadig omrøren

     The milk is put in a pot and boils down rapidly while being stirred continuously

   koke bort — to boil away

   Alt vannet hadde kokt bort, og risen satt fast i bunnen. ― All the water had boiled away, and the rice was stuck to the bottom.

   koke bort, koke bort i kålen (figuratively) — to fizzle out; to come to nothing, especially through excessive discussion or delay

   Forslaget kokte bort i kålen etter flere måneder med møter. ― The proposal came to nothing after several months of meetings.

   • 1916, H. Wiers-Jenssen, Krøniker fra den gamle By, page 272:

     Doberaus «overvægt» skulde saa vist ikke koges bort i kaalen

     Doberau's “superiority” was certainly not going to be allowed to come to nothing

   koke ned til (figuratively) — to boil down to; to amount to in essence

   Uenigheten koker ned til hvem som skal betale. ― The disagreement boils down to who is going to pay.

   • 1954, Sigurd Hoel, Stevnemøte med glemte år‎^[2], page 65:

     det hele koker visst ned til noe svært enkelt

     apparently it all boils down to something very simple

   1. (by extension) to boil; to contain boiling liquid, of a vessel

      Kjelen koker allerede. ― The kettle is already boiling.

      • 1929, Morgenbladet, number 149, page 4, column 5:

        ta en sten op av en kokende vandkjele

        take a stone out of a boiling kettle of water

   2. (by extension) to sizzle or hiss as moisture is heated, especially of wet wood

      Den våte veden kokte og freste i bålet. ― The wet wood sizzled and hissed in the fire.

      • 1899, Hans E. Kinck, “Renæssance”, in Trækfugle og andre‎^[3], page 122:

        eneren laa bare og kogte og røg.

        the juniper just lay there hissing and smoking.

2. (transitive) to boil; to cook or prepare by heating, especially in liquid

   Hun kokte poteter til middagen. ― She boiled potatoes for dinner.

   Jeg skal koke kaffe til gjestene. ― I am going to make coffee for the guests.

   • 1862, Henrik Ibsen, Kærlighedens komedie‎^[4], published 1873, page 103:

     der forskel er, som mellem råt og kogt,

     there is a difference, as between raw and cooked,

   • 1909, Henrik Ibsen, “Rypen i Justedal”, in Halvdan Koht, Julius Elias, editors, Efterladte Skrifter‎^[5], volume I, page 342:

     desuden saa koger hun slig prægtig rømmegrød

     besides, she makes such wonderful sour-cream porridge

   koke opp — to bring to a boil

   Kok opp vannet før du tilsetter risen. ― Bring the water to a boil before adding the rice.

   koke inn, koke ned — to reduce or concentrate by boiling

   Vi kokte inn kraften til halvparten. ― We reduced the stock by half.

   koke ned (figuratively) — to condense, abridge or reduce, sometimes to insignificance

   Rapporten måtte kokes ned til to sider. ― The report had to be condensed to two pages.

   koke opp, koke i hop, koke sammen (figuratively) — to concoct; to cook up, invent or fabricate

   De hadde kokt sammen en historie for å forklare fraværet. ― They had concocted a story to explain their absence.

   • 1999, Jan Mehlum, Det annet kinn‎^[6]:

     koke sammen intetsigende brev

     concoct meaningless letters

   koke opp (figuratively) — to rehash something previously used or said

   Han kokte opp den gamle talen og holdt den på nytt. ― He rehashed the old speech and delivered it again.

   • 1907, Bernt Lie, Mot Overmagt‎^[7], page 39:

     Nuvel! Kok op en av Deres gamle Prækener De, saa er den Sak i Orden!

     Well! Rehash one of your old sermons, and that will settle the matter!

   koke suppe på en spiker (figuratively) — to make much of very little; to pad out an insignificant subject

   Artikkelen koker suppe på en spiker; den samme bagatellen gjentas gjennom hele teksten. ― The article makes much of very little; the same trivial point is repeated throughout.

   1. (absolute) to cook; to prepare a meal

      Vi leide inn en kokk til å koke i bryllupet. ― We hired a chef to cook for the wedding.

      • 1859, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, “Arne”, in Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons Fortællinger‎^[8], Jubilæumsudgave edition, published 1907, page 48:

        De kogte til middag

        They were cooking dinner

3. (transitive) to extract, render or produce by boiling

   Tidligere kokte de tran av fiskelever her. ― They used to render cod-liver oil here.

   • 1858, Henrik Ibsen, Hærmændene på Helgeland‎^[9], published 1873, page 64:

     Er det sandt, Thorolf, at din fader sad tre nætter i kvindestak hos gyvren i Smalserhorn og kogte sejd, før han turde gå til holmgang med Jøkul?

     Is it true, Thorolf, that your father spent three nights in a woman's skirt with the giantess at Smalserhorn, brewing spells, before he dared to fight Jøkul in single combat?

   • 1989, Tove Nilsen, Chaplins hemmelighet‎^[10], page 163:

     de har […] skåret tunger og kokt tran

     they have […] cut out fish tongues and rendered cod-liver oil

   koke ut — to extract by boiling

   Vi kokte ut kraft av beina. ― We extracted stock from the bones by boiling them.

4. (transitive) to boil for cleaning or sterilization

   Hun kokte flaskene før de ble tatt i bruk. ― She boiled the bottles before they were used.

   • 2025 November 18, “Rengjøring av flasker og pumpeutstyr”, in Ammehjelpen‎^[11]:

     Utstyret dekkes med vann og kokes (slik at det bobler) i minst 5 minutter i en kjele.

     The equipment is covered with water and boiled (so that it bubbles) for at least 5 minutes in a saucepan.

   koke ut — to clean a cooking vessel by boiling water in it

   Jeg kokte ut gryten for å løsne restene i bunnen. ― I cleaned the pot by boiling water in it to loosen the residue on the bottom.

   koke bort (rare) — to preserve food by boiling and sealing it for storage; to can or bottle

   Om høsten kokte hun bort frukt til vinteren. ― In autumn she bottled fruit for the winter.

   • 1914, Sigrid Undset, “II, VII”, in Vaaren‎^[12], page 236:

     Hun kokte bort hermetik

     She canned food

5. (intransitive) to churn, seethe or foam, of violently moving water

   Sjøen kokte rundt skjærene. ― The sea churned around the rocks.

   • 1939, Max Mauser, En hai følger båten‎^[13], page 124:

     sjøene vasket innover, forut var dekket en eneste kokende, sydende hvirvel

     the seas washed aboard; forward, the deck was one seething, churning whirlpool

6. (intransitive, figurative) to teem, swarm or seethe with activity

   Havna kokte av fisk da sildestimen kom inn. ― The harbour teemed with fish when the shoal of herring came in.

   • 1911, Sigrid Undset, chapter I, in Jenny‎^[14], page 3:

     et kokende mylder av mennesker paa det smale fortaug

     a seething crowd of people on the narrow pavement

   • 2011, Tove Nilsen, Øyer i hjertet, page 59:

     trafikken kokte

     the traffic seethed

7. (intransitive, figurative) to seethe or boil with strong emotion, especially anger

   Hun kokte av sinne da hun oppdaget løgnen. ― She was seething with anger when she discovered the lie.

   Det kokte i ham, men han svarte rolig. ― He was seething inside, but he answered calmly.

   • 1879, Henrik Ibsen, Et dukkehjem‎^[15], page 146:

     mit blod kogte

     my blood boiled

   • 1881, Kristian Elster, chapter XI, in Farlige Folk‎^[16], page 255:

     jeg, som kogte af Forbitrelse og Had.

     I, who was seething with bitterness and hatred.

   • 1921, Sigrid Undset, Husfrue‎^[17], page 391:

     Det kokte i ham

     He was seething inside

   • 1930, Sigrid Boo, chapter 6, in Vi som går kjøkkenveien‎^[18], page 58:

     ilte jeg derfra, innvendig kokende av raseri.

     I hurried away, inwardly seething with rage.

   koke over — to lose one's temper; to boil over

   Til slutt kokte det over for ham, og han begynte å rope. ― Eventually he lost his temper and began shouting.

   • 1869, Henrik Ibsen, De unges Forbund‎^[19], 3 edition, published 1874, page 61:

     Havde han ikke været, så skulde jeg visselig ikke således i min stemning kogt over, som jeg gjorde.

     Had it not been for him, I certainly would not have boiled over emotionally as I did.

8. (intransitive) to blister or bubble, of paint or varnish

   Lakken begynte å koke da platen ble for varm. ― The varnish began to blister when the panel became too hot.

   • 1971, Kongsvinger Avis, number 42, page 6, column 4:

     lakken koker

     the varnish blisters

9. (transitive, figurative, colloquial) to overheat, exhaust or stress severely; chiefly in the past participle, also describing bloodshot eyes

   Etter den lange nattevakten var hun helt kokt. ― After the long night shift she was completely exhausted.

   • 1903, Hans E. Kinck, Naar Kærlighed dør‎^[20], page 249:

     de var kokte i øinene.

     their eyes were bloodshot.

   • 1909, Hans E. Kinck, Masker og mennesker‎^[21], page 82:

     han hadde kokte øine

     his eyes were bloodshot

   koke bort (hyperbolically) — to swelter; to feel unbearably hot

   Vi holdt på å koke bort i den overfylte bussen. ― We were sweltering on the overcrowded bus.

10. (transitive, slang) to copy an academic assignment from someone else's earlier work

    Han hadde kokt øvingen fra en gammel besvarelse. ― He had copied the assignment from an old submission.

    • 2019, Signe Carlsen, “Er det juks å koke?”, in readme‎^[22], volume 21, number 6, page 3:

      De eldre studentene ga inntrykket av at å koke øvinger var noe alle gjorde og heller regelen enn unntaket.

      The older students gave the impression that copying assignments was something everyone did and was the rule rather than the exception.

Derived terms

• blautkokt, bløtkokt (“soft-boiled”)
• fosskoke (“to boil vigorously”)
• hardkokt (“hard-boiled; hard-bitten”)
• kokeapparat (“cooking appliance”)
• kokebok (“cookbook”)
• kokekaffe (“coarsely ground coffee for pot brewing”)
• kokekar (“cooking vessel; mess tin”)
• kokekunst (“culinary art; cookery”)
• kokeplate (“hotplate”)
• kokepunkt (“boiling point”)
• koker (“boiler; worker who performs boiling”)
• kokeri (“boiling works; whaling factory ship”)
• koketid (“boiling time”)
• småkoke (“to simmer”)
• ukokt (“uncooked; unboiled”)

Related terms

• kjøkken (“kitchen”)
• kokk (“cook; chef”)

Etymology 2

Deverbal from koke (“to boil”).

Compare Norwegian Nynorsk koke (“a batch cooked at once; a boiling works”).

Noun

koke f or m (definite singular koka or koken, indefinite plural koker, definite plural kokene)

1. A batch; a quantity of food for boiling at one time.

   Vi fikk nok fisk til ei koke. ― We caught enough fish for a batch to boil.

   Synonym: kok

   • 1920 December 29, T. T., “Det dyre julebrendevin”, in Romsdals Budstikke‎^[23], number 298, page 4:

     Det eneste var å ta sig en tur op på isen på Tapdalsfjorden og hale sig op en koke fisk.

     The only thing to do was take a trip out onto the ice on Tapdalsfjorden and pull up a batch of fish to boil.

2. (whaling) A whale-processing factory, especially a factory ship.

   Hvalbåtene leverte fangsten til koka. ― The whaling boats delivered their catch to the factory ship.

   Synonyms: hvalkokeri, kokeri

   • 1950 April 17, Morgenbladet‎^[24], number 89, page 1:

     hele Sandefjord [visste] at «koka» [hvalkokeriet «Thorshøvdi»] kom

     all of Sandefjord [knew] that the “factory ship” [the whaling factory ship “Thorshøvdi”] was coming

   • 1971, Ernst Høva, Medmennesker: episoder fra en læges liv‎^[25], Oslo: Aschehoug, page 87:

     «koka» var blitt overhalt og utstyrt for turen til feltet

     the “factory ship” had been overhauled and equipped for the voyage to the whaling grounds

References

• “koke” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “koke” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB).

Anagrams

• ekko, okke

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• koka

Etymology

From Latin coquere, via Low German. The noun is derived from the verb.

Verb

koke (present tense kokar/koker, past tense koka/kokte, past participle koka/kokt, passive infinitive kokast, present participle kokande, imperative koke/kok)

1. (ambitransitive) to boil, seethe
2. to cook

Derived terms

• koke inn

Related terms

• kokk

Noun

koke f (definite singular koka, indefinite plural koker, definite plural kokene)

1. what is brought to a boil in one go
2. a boilery

   Synonym: kokeri

Anagrams

• ekko, okke

West Frisian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /koːkə/

Noun

koke n (plural kokes)

1. diminutive of ko

Woiwurrung

Noun

koke

1. gnat