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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pekʷ-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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    Root

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    *pekʷ- (imperfective)[1][2][3]

    1. to cook
    2. to ripen

    Reconstruction

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    It has been suggested[4][5] that Hittite and Lydian terms which point to a root *pekʷ- (“to pound, crush, crack (grain)”) may preserve the original meaning of the PIE root, which later shifted in meaning to “to prepare food, cook” by the ancestor of the non-Anatolian branches.

    Derived terms

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    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pekʷ- (83 c, 0 e)
    Unsorted formations
    • >? Proto-Anatolian: *pekʷ-[5][4]
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: पक्व (pakva) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Iranian: *pāka (“cook, cooker, who can cook; backer; food”)
        • Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬐𐬀 (pāka, “cook”) (only in compounds, e.g. 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬎𐬞𐬁𐬐𐬀 (nasupāka, “corps-cook (lit), who burns the corpus”))
        • Sogdian: (/⁠-pāk ~ -pāč⁠/) (only in compounds, e.g. 𐼻𐼲𐼻𐼾𐼰𐼸 (nɣnpʾk /⁠naɣnbāk⁠/, “bread-cooker (lit), backer”))
          Sogdian script: 𐼾𐼰𐼸 (pʾk)
          Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫝 (pʾc)
        • Middle Persian: (/⁠-bāg ~ -pāg⁠/, “cook; backer; food”) (only in compounds, e.g. [script needed] (ns'yp'k' /⁠nasābāg, ~pāg⁠/, “corps-cook (lit), who burns the corpus”), 𐭭𐭠𐭭𐭯𐭠𐭪 (nʿnpʿk /⁠nānbāg⁠/, “bread-cooker (lit), backer”))
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (p'k')
          • Classical Persian: با (bā, “food; soup, stew”), ـبا (-bā)

    References

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    1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “1.*peku̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 798
    2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*peku̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 468
    3. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πέσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1180-1181
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Janda, Michael (2000), Eleusis: Das indogermanische Erbe der Mysterien (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; Hauptreihe, 96), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, pages 49–51
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Sasseville, David; Rieken, Elisabeth; Steer, Thomas (2017–), “*peku̯-”, in Olav Hackstein, Jared L. Miller, Elisabeth Rieken, editors, Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of the Minor Ancient Anatolian Corpus Languages (eDiAna)‎[1], München & Marburg
    6. ^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “pjek”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 329
    7. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pektì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393
    8. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “kepti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 237-238
    9. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kʷokʷ-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page page180
    10. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*pač”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 286-287
    11. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “coquō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 134
    12. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pȇktь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393
    13. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pȏtъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415
    14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “pakkušš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 618–619
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