col

See also: Appendix:Variations of "col"

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French col, from Latin collum (“neck”). Doublet of collum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɒl/

Noun

col (plural cols)

1. (geography) A dip on a mountain ridge between two peaks.

   Coordinate terms: bealach, mountain pass, pass, saddle, hause

   • 1999, Harish Kapadia, “Ascents in the Panch Chuli Group”, in Across Peaks & Passes in Kumaun Himalaya, New Delhi: Indus Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 136:

     We spent half an hour on the summit before returning to our camp, where we stuffed the frozen tent and all the gear into our packs and started the long descent of the southwest ridge to rejoin Harish and others who were still encamped on the col at the foot of it.

2. (meteorology) A pressure region between two anticyclones and two low-pressure regions.

Translations

dip between mountain peaks

• Bulgarian: проход (bg) (prohod), седловина (sedlovina)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 山坳 (zh) (shān'ào)

• French: col (fr) m
• Georgian: უნაგირა (unagira)

• Irish: col m
• Italian: forcella (it) f, colle (it) m
• Japanese: たわ (ja) (tawa), コル (ja) (koru)
• Russian: седловина (ru) (sedlovina), перева́л (ru) (perevál)

Further reading

• col on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• col (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• mountain pass on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• CLO, Clo, LOC, LoC, OCL, OLC, loc, loc.

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Asturian

Etymology

From a contraction of the preposition con (“with”) + masculine singular article el (“the”).

Contraction

col m (feminine cola, neuter colo, masculine plural colos, feminine plural coles)

1. with the

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Catalan

Etymology

From Latin caulis, caulem (“stalk, stem”), from Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem of a plant”).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈkɔl/

• Audio (Valencian)

  (file)

Noun

col f (plural cols)

1. cabbage

Derived terms

• colrave
• col de Brussel·les

Further reading

• “col” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “col” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “col” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “col” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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Dalmatian

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *cu illu < Latin eccum illum. Compare Italian quello, Romanian acel, Old French cil, Spanish aquel.

Pronoun

col

1. that

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔl/
• Hyphenation: col
• Rhymes: -ɔl

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French col (“collar”), from Latin collum (“neck”).

Noun

col m (plural cols, diminutive colletje n)

1. (informal, chiefly Belgium) (clothing) collar

   Synonym: kraag

Derived terms

• coltrui

Noun

col m (plural collen, diminutive colletje n)

1. (informal, Belgium) (sports) mountain pass

   Synonym: bergpas

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French colle

Noun

col f (uncountable)

1. (informal, Belgium) glue

Synonyms

• lijm

Related terms

• collage

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French

Etymology

From Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”). Doublet of cou.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔl/

• audio

  (file)

• Homophones: colle, collent, colles, cols

Noun

col m (plural cols)

1. collar
2. col
3. neck (now especially of objects, vases etc.)

Derived terms

• col de l'utérus

Related terms

• cou
• collier

Descendants

• → Hausa: kwal

Further reading

• “col” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Galician

Coles or verzas

Alternative forms

• coia, couva

Etymology

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese col (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from an older unattested *coule, from Latin caulis. Cognate with Portuguese couve and Spanish col.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔl/

Noun

col f (plural coles)

1. collard; wild mustard, wild cabbage; kale; Brassica oleracea var. acephala

   Synonyms: coella, verza

Derived terms

• coella
• coíña
• coíñeiro

Related terms

• coliflor

References

• “col” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
• “coles” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “couues” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “col” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “col” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “col” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

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Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Zoll.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡sol]
• Hyphenation: col
• Rhymes: -ol

Noun

col (plural colok)

1. inch

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	col	colok
accusative	colt	colokat
dative	colnak	coloknak
instrumental	collal	colokkal
causal-final	colért	colokért
translative	collá	colokká
terminative	colig	colokig
essive-formal	colként	colokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	colban	colokban
superessive	colon	colokon
adessive	colnál	coloknál
illative	colba	colokba
sublative	colra	colokra
allative	colhoz	colokhoz
elative	colból	colokból
delative	colról	colokról
ablative	coltól	coloktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	colé	coloké
non-attributive possessive - plural	coléi	colokéi

Possessive forms of col
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	colom	coljaim
2nd person sing.	colod	coljaid
3rd person sing.	colja	coljai
1st person plural	colunk	coljaink
2nd person plural	colotok	coljaitok
3rd person plural	coljuk	coljaik

Derived terms

• colos

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Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɔl̪ˠ]

Etymology 1

From Old Irish col, from Proto-Celtic *kulom.

Noun

col m (genitive singular coil, nominative plural colanna)

1. prohibition
2. sin, lust
3. violation
4. dislike
5. incest

   Synonyms: ciorrú coil, corbadh

6. relation, relationship

Declension

Declension of col

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative col colanna Vocative a choil a cholanna Genitive coil colanna Dative col colanna

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an col na colanna Genitive an choil na gcolanna Dative leis an gcol don chol leis na colanna

Derived terms

• col ceathar
• col ceathrair
• col cúigir
• col gaoil
• colscaradh
• col seisir

 

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

col m (genitive singular coil, nominative plural coil)

1. (geography) col

Declension

Declension of col

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative col coil Vocative a choil a chola Genitive coil col Dative col coil

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an col na coil Genitive an choil na gcol Dative leis an gcol don chol leis na coil

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
col	chol	gcol
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• "col" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Entries containing “col” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “col” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

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Italian

Contraction

col

1. contraction of con il; with the

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Middle French

Etymology

From Old French col, from Latin collum.

Noun

col m (plural cols)

1. (anatomy) the neck

Descendants

• French: cou, col

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Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *kōluz, *kōlaz. Cognate with Old High German kuoli.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /koːl/

Adjective

cōl (comparative cōlra, superlative cōlost)

1. cool (not hot or warm)

Declension

Declension of cōl — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	cōl	cōl	cōl
Accusative	cōlne	cōle	cōl
Genitive	cōles	cōlre	cōles
Dative	cōlum	cōlre	cōlum
Instrumental	cōle	cōlre	cōle
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	cōle	cōla, cōle	cōl
Accusative	cōle	cōla, cōle	cōl
Genitive	cōlra	cōlra	cōlra
Dative	cōlum	cōlum	cōlum
Instrumental	cōlum	cōlum	cōlum

Declension of cōl — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	cōla	cōle	cōle
Accusative	cōlan	cōlan	cōle
Genitive	cōlan	cōlan	cōlan
Dative	cōlan	cōlan	cōlan
Instrumental	cōlan	cōlan	cōlan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	cōlan	cōlan	cōlan
Accusative	cōlan	cōlan	cōlan
Genitive	cōlra, cōlena	cōlra, cōlena	cōlra, cōlena
Dative	cōlum	cōlum	cōlum
Instrumental	cōlum	cōlum	cōlum

Descendants

• Middle English: col, coul, cool
  • Scots: cule, cuill, kuil
  • English: cool

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *kulą. Cognate with Old Frisian kole, Old High German kolo, Old Norse kol.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kol/

Noun

col n (nominative plural colu)

1. coal

Declension

Declension of col (strong-a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	col	colu
accusative	col	colu
genitive	coles	cola
dative	cole	colum

Descendants

• Middle English: cole
  • English: coal

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Old French

Etymology

From Latin collum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔl/
• Rhymes: -ɔl

Noun

col m (oblique plural cous or cox or cols, nominative singular cous or cox or cols, nominative plural col)

1. (anatomy) neck

Related terms

• coler

Descendants

• Middle French: col
  • French: cou, col
• Norman: co
• Walloon: cô

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Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kulom.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkol/

Noun

col n (genitive cuil)

1. sin, violation

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	colN	colN	colL, cola
Vocative	colN	colN	colL, cola
Accusative	colN	colN	colL, cola
Genitive	cuilL	col	colN
Dative	colL	colaib	colaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: col
• Scottish Gaelic: col (“incest”)

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
col	chol	col pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “col”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish col (“sin”).

Noun

col m (genitive singular cola, plural colan)

1. incest

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Zoll.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡sôːl/

Noun

cȏl m (Cyrillic spelling цо̑л)

1. inch

Declension

Declension of col

	singular	plural
nominative	col	colovi
genitive	cola	colova
dative	colu	colovima
accusative	col	colove
vocative	cole	colovi
locative	colu	colovima
instrumental	col	colovima

Related terms

• ȉnč, pȁlac

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Spanish

Etymology

From Latin caulis, caulem (“stalk, stem”), from Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem of a plant”). Cognate with English cole and chou.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkol/

• Audio (Spain)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ol

Noun

col f (plural coles)

1. cabbage

   Synonyms: berza, repollo

Derived terms

• col china
• col de Bruselas
• coliflor
• colinabo
• col kale
• col rizada
• col verde

 

Descendants

• → Taos: kùli’ína

Related terms

• brécol

Further reading

• “col” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

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Tocharian B

Adjective

col

1. wild

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Vilamovian

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

cōl m (plural cōln)

1. inch (unit of measure)