caill

Irish

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /kailʲ/
(Galway) IPA^(key): /kɑːl̠ʲ/
(Mayo, Ulster) IPA^(key): /kal̠ʲ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish coillid (“destroys”), from coll (“destruction”), from Proto-Celtic *koldom (compare Welsh coll (“defect, loss”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂-d- (“strike, cut”) (compare Old English healtian (“limp”)).

Verb

caill (present analytic cailleann, future analytic caillfidh, verbal noun cailleadh, past participle caillte)

lose
(euphemistic, in autonomous forms) die
Synonyms: básaigh, éag, faigh bás, síothlaigh

Cailleadh sa chogadh é
He died in the war (literally “He was lost in the war”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *caill* (first conjugation – A)
indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
indicative	first	second	third	first	second	third	direct relative	autonomous
present	caillim	cailleann tú; caillir^†	cailleann sé, sí	caillimid; cailleann muid	cailleann sibh	cailleann siad; caillid^†	a chailleann; a chailleas	cailltear
past	chaill mé; chailleas	chaill tú; chaillis	chaill sé, sí	chailleamar; chaill muid	chaill sibh; chailleabhair	chaill siad; chailleadar	a chaill	cailleadh
past habitual	chaillinn / caillinn^‡	chaillteá / caillteá^‡	chailleadh sé, sí / cailleadh sé, sí^‡	chaillimis; chailleadh muid / caillimis^‡; cailleadh muid^‡	chailleadh sibh / cailleadh sibh^‡	chaillidís; chailleadh siad / caillidís^‡; cailleadh siad^‡	a chailleadh	chailltí / cailltí^‡

	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third	direct relative	autonomous
future	caillfidh mé; caillfead	caillfidh tú; caillfir^†	caillfidh sé, sí	caillfimid; caillfidh muid	caillfidh sibh	caillfidh siad; caillfid^†	a chaillfidh; a chaillfeas	caillfear
conditional	chaillfinn / caillfinn^‡	chaillfeá / caillfeá^‡	chaillfeadh sé, sí / caillfeadh sé, sí^‡	chaillfimis; chaillfeadh muid / caillfimis^‡; caillfeadh muid^‡	chaillfeadh sibh / caillfeadh sibh^‡	chaillfidís; chaillfeadh siad / caillfidís^‡; caillfeadh siad^‡	a chaillfeadh	chaillfí / caillfí^‡

subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
subjunctive	first	second	third	first	second	third	direct relative	autonomous
present	go gcaille mé; go gcaillead^†	go gcaille tú; go gcaillir^†	go gcaille sé, sí	go gcaillimid; go gcaille muid	go gcaille sibh	go gcaille siad; go gcaillid^†	—	go gcailltear
past	dá gcaillinn	dá gcaillteá	dá gcailleadh sé, sí	dá gcaillimis; dá gcailleadh muid	dá gcailleadh sibh	dá gcaillidís; dá gcailleadh siad	—	dá gcailltí

imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
imperative	first	second	third	first	second	third	direct relative	autonomous
—	caillim	caill	cailleadh sé, sí	caillimis	cailligí; caillidh^†	caillidís	—	cailltear

past participle	caillte

verbal noun	cailleadh

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

Alternative verbal noun: cailliúint

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

caill

vocative/genitive singular of call

Mutation

Mutated forms of *caill*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
caill	chaill	gcaill

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kallī.

Noun

caill f (genitive caille)

forest, wood, woodland

Inflection

Feminine ī-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	caill^L	caill^L	cailli^H
vocative	caill^L	caill^L	cailli^H
accusative	caill^N	caill^L	cailli^H
genitive	caille^H	caille^L	caille^N
dative	caill^L	caillib	caillib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Irish: coill
Manx: keyll
Scottish Gaelic: coille

Mutation

Mutation of *caill*
radical	lenition	nasalization
caill	chaill	caill pronounced with /ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʰaiʎ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish coillid (“destroys”), from coll (“destruction”), from Proto-Celtic *koldom, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂-d- (“strike, cut”).

Verb

caill (past chaill, future caillidh, verbal noun call, past participle caillte)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin cōleus.

Noun

caill m

(anatomy, obsolete) testicle

Mutation

Mutation of *caill*
radical	lenition
caill	chaill

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Welsh

Welsh Wikipedia has an article on:

caill

Wikipedia ^cy

Etymology

From Middle Welsh keill, from Proto-Brythonic *köll (compare Breton and Cornish kell), from Latin coleus, from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kai̯ɬ/
Rhymes: -ai̯ɬ

Noun

caill f (plural ceilliau)

(anatomy) testicle

Derived terms

ceillgwd

Mutation

Mutated forms of *caill*
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
caill	gaill	nghaill	chaill

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.