caulis

English

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin caulis. Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈkɔːlɪs/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔːlɪs

Noun

caulis (plural caules)

1. (architecture) Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital.
2. (botany) The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state.

Derived terms

• caulescent
• cauli-
• caulo-
• caulode
• cauloid

Translations

a leafy herbaceous stem

• Czech: lodyha (cs) f

Etymology 2

Noun

caulis

1. plural of cauli

Anagrams

• aulics, clusia, sicula

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis (“straight stalk”). Cognate with Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā), Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”), Latvian kauls (“bone”), Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”), and perhaps Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkau̯.lɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkaːu̯.lis]

Noun

caulis m (genitive caulis); third declension

1. stalk, stem
2. stem of a cabbage

Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	caulis	caulēs
genitive	caulis	caulium
dative	caulī	caulibus
accusative	caulem	caulēs caulīs
ablative	caule	caulibus
vocative	caulis	caulēs

Alternative forms

• cōlis
• coles

Derived terms

• cauliculus
• cauliculatus

Descendants

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: càule
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Dalmatian: caul
  • Italian: cavolo
  • Neapolitan: cavolo, cavulu, caulo, caulu
  • Sicilian: càvulu, caulu, cavulu, càulu
  • Venetan: càvol, càorlo, càoło
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul
  • Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro
  • Lombard: caul, cavol
  • Piedmontese: còl, caure
  • Romagnol: chèvol, chevle
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Old French: chous
    • French: chou
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: col
  • Old Occitan: caul
    • Auvergnat: chaul, chaur, chare, choul, chol, chal
    • Gascon: caul, ⇒ caulet
    • Languedocien: caul, ⇒ caulet
    • Limousin: chaul, chol
    • Provençal: còure, coule, cole
    • Vivaro-Alpine: chaul, chaule
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese:
    • col
      • Galician: col
    • couve
      • Galician: couve, couva (regional, south Galicia)
      • Portuguese: couve
        • → Gujarati: કોબી (kobī), (from the plural) કોબીજ (kobīj)
        • → Hindustani:

          Hindi: गोभी (gobhī)

          Urdu: گوبھی (gobhī)

          • → Burmese: ဂေါ်ဖီ (gauhpi)
          • → English: gobi, gobhi
          • → Pashto: ګوبي
          • → Punjabi:

            Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਭੀ (gobhī)

            Shahmukhi script: گوبھی (gobhī)

        • → Konkani: कोब (kob)
        • → Malay: kubis, kobis
          • Indonesian: kubis
        • → Marathi: कोबी (kobī)
        • → Middle Bengali: *কবি (*kbi)
          • Bengali: কপি (kopi)
          • →? Assamese: কবি (kobi)
            • → Manipuri: ꯀꯣꯕꯤ (kobi)
        • → Odia: କୋବି (kobi)
        • → Sindhi:

          Devanagari script: कोबी (kobī)

          Arabic script: گوبيِ (kobī)

        • → Tetum: kouve
  • Spanish: col

Borrowings:

• → English: caulis (learned)
• → Catalan: caule (semi-learned)
• → Italian: caule (semi-learned)
• → Macedonian: кељ (kelj)
• → Proto-Brythonic: *kawl
  • Middle Breton: caul pl, caoll pl
    • Breton: kaol pl
  • Old Cornish: caul
    • → Cornish: kowl (semi-learned)
  • Middle Welsh: kawl
    • Welsh: cawl
      • → English: cawl
• → Proto-West Germanic: *kauli, *kaul, *kaulā, *kawul
  • Old English: cāwel, cāwl, cāul, cāl
    • Middle English: col, coul, coyl, cal, cale, kal, kale (Northern)
      • English: cole, kale, kail
      • Scots: cale, caill, kail
      • Yola: kaayle ⇒ Coolpeach
      • → Irish: cál
    • → Old Norse: kál
      • Icelandic: kál
      • Faroese: kál
      • Norwegian: kål
      • Old Danish: kaal
        • Danish: kål
      • Old Swedish: kāl
        • Swedish: kål
        • → Finnish: kaali
      • Elfdalian: ką̊l
    • → Scottish Gaelic: càl
  • Old Frisian: *kāl (likely borrowed)
    • Saterland Frisian: Kool
    • West Frisian: koal
  • Old Saxon: kōli, kōl
    • Middle Low German: kôl, koel, koil, kohl, kohel
      • German Low German:

        Märkisch (Altmärkisch), Westphalian (South Westphalian): Kaol

        Westphalian:

        Bentheimisch: Koal (Grafschaft)

        Sauerländisch (Assinghausen, Eslohe, Felbecke), East Westphalian (Lipp): Kaul

        Sauerländisch: Käol, Keyel (Niedersfeld), Koul (Attendorn, Drolshagen), Köel (Wenden)

        Westmünsterländisch: Kool

        East Westphalian: Käul (Ravensberg)

      • → Polabian: kol
  • Old Dutch: *kōli, *kōl
    • Middle Dutch: cole, col
      • Dutch: kool
        • Afrikaans: kool
  • Old High German: kōli, kōl m, kōla f
    • Middle High German: kōl, koele, koel
      • Bavarian: Keel, Kel
        • → Hungarian: kel
        • → Serbo-Croatian:

          Cyrillic script: кељ

          Latin script: kelj

        • → Slovak: kel
      • German: Kohl
• → Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkau̯.liːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkaːu̯.lis]

Noun

caulīs

1. dative/ablative plural of caulae

Alternative forms

• caullīs

Further reading

• “caulis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “caulis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “caulis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.