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ob-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ob"

English

Etymology 1

From Latin ob-.

Prefix

ob-

(no longer productive) Against; facing; a combining prefix found in verbs of Latin origin.
(botany) Of a reversed shape.

Synonyms

(against): anti-, counter-, contra-, dys-

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Clipping of obligatory.

Prefix

ob-

(Internet, informal, humorous) Obligatory; prepended to the name of a topic being mentioned to avoid accusations of being off-topic.
- 1998, Haydn Black, “lesbian goths”, in alt.gothic (Usenet):
  ObGoth: Uh, well, it's like this you see, <searches in random file o' obgoth things> anyone out there got the new CoX album on Tess? If so which album is it *most* like?
- 1998, Peter Thomas, “FAQ: more info request”, in comp.sys.sinclair (Usenet):
  Aren't Newcastle's chairman Sunderland supporters? (From the way they acted?) Erm...obspeccy? Tynesoft, eh? What happened to them?
- 2000, Dan Glover, “Introduction to Linux article for commentary”, in alt.linux (Usenet):
  ObLinux: SAP were giving away a free development environment for use with RedHat v6.1 recently, a distinctly non-free complete system has been available for a while. This offers another example of a commercial application where the vendors now have sufficient confidence in Linux to release a port (even if it is distribution-specific).

See also

thread tax

Anagrams

BO, Bo, bo

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech ob-, from Proto-Slavic *ob, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ob ]

Prefix

ob-

a prefix with various functions, e.g. expressing:
omission (obden = ob + den (day) = every other day)

surrounding (objet = ob + jet (drive) = to drive around)

Derived terms

See also

obe-

Further reading

o-/ob(e)- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

German

Pronunciation

Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file)

Etymology 1

From ob (“over, above”).

Prefix

ob-

over-, super-

Etymology 2

From Latin ob-.

Prefix

ob-

ob-

Derived terms

German terms prefixed with ob-

Latin

Alternative forms

obs-
os-

Etymology

Prefixation of preposition ob (“towards; against”).

Prefix

ob-

towards; against

Usage notes

In compounds, the b is often (from the data of derived terms below, one fourth of the times) assimilated into the next consonant producing a geminate.

Derived terms

Latin terms prefixed with ob-

Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi

Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab

Proto-Slavic *o(b)

Proto-Slavic *o(b)-

Old Polish ob-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b)-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /ɔb/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ɔb/

Prefix

ob-

prefix added to verbs to mean surrounding, around
‎ob- + ‎ić → ‎obić
prefix added to verbs with various meanings
‎ob- + ‎mówić → ‎obmówić

Derived terms

Old Polish terms prefixed with ob-

See also

o

Polish

Alternative forms

obe-

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi

Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab

Proto-Slavic *o(b)

Proto-Slavic *o(b)-

Old Polish ob-

Polish ob-

Inherited from Old Polish ob-. Doublet of o-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɔb/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɔb
Syllabification: ob-

Prefix

ob-

prefix added to verbs to mean surrounding, around
‎ob- + ‎jechać → ‎objechać

Synonym: o-
prefix added to verbs meaning entirely
‎ob- + ‎jeść (“to eat”) → ‎objeść się (“to eat and be overstuffed”)

Because the prefix ends with the consonant sometimes the first letter of the verb was dropped.

‎ob- + ‎źrzeć → ‎obejrzeć

‎ob- + ‎walić → ‎obalić

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with ob-

See also

o

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

o- (usually before plosives, sometimes also other consonants)
op- (before unvoiced consonants)
oba- (in a few words)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ob, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ob/

Prefix

ob- (Cyrillic spelling об-)

around, enclosing, surrounding
jahati → objahati

grliti → obgrliti

kružiti → okružiti
around, throughout, wholly
javiti → objaviti

uzeti → obuzeti

lizati → oblizati
on the surface or top of something
grepsti → ogrepsti
forms perfective verbs from imperfectives
hrabriti → ohrabriti
quite, -ish
malen → omalen

Derived terms

Slovak

Alternative forms

obo-

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *ob

Proto-Slavic *ob-

Old Slovak ob-

Slovak ob-

Inherited from Old Slovak ob-. Cf. o.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɔb/, [ɔb]

Prefix

ob-

circum-, peri- (prefix used to denote an action performed on the surface, around the edge, or the circumference of an object)
‎ob- + ‎sekať → ‎obsekať (“to trim around/off”)

‎ob- + ‎viazať → ‎obviazať (“to tie around/bandage”)
prefix used to indicate that a state or action affects only the exterior or surface of an object
‎ob- + ‎horieť → ‎obhorieť (“to be scorched on the surface”)

‎ob- + ‎schnúť → ‎obschnúť (“to dry on the surface”)
circum- (prefix used with verbs of motion to indicate movement following a perimeter or circling an object)
‎ob- + ‎ísť → ‎obísť (“to go around/bypass”)
prefix used to indicate a sequence of actions or movements visiting all individual points or objects in a set
‎ob- + ‎letieť → ‎obletieť (“to fly around/visit all by flying”)

‎ob- + ‎behať → ‎obbehať (“to run around/visit all by running”)
prefix used with frequentative verbs to denote a repetitive action or continuous presence in a certain area
‎ob- + ‎stávať → ‎obstávať (“to loiter/stand around”)

‎ob- + ‎sedávať → ‎obsedávať (“to sit around/haunt (e.g. pubs)”)
prefix used with stative verbs to indicate the acquisition of a specific property or state over time
‎ob- + ‎starnúť → ‎obstarnúť (“to grow old/stale”)

‎ob- + ‎-živnúť → ‎obživnúť (“to come to life/revive”)
re-, be- (prefix used to indicate the conferring or bestowing of a quality or thing expressed by the word base)
‎ob- + ‎nový → ‎obnoviť (“to renew/restore”)

‎ob- + ‎čerstvý → ‎občerstviť (“to refresh”)
prefix used to indicate the capacity or ability to perform or stay in a certain state despite difficulty
‎ob- + ‎sedieť → ‎obsedieť (“to remain seated/stay on (e.g. a horse)”)

‎ob- + ‎stáť → ‎obstáť (“to stand one's ground/pass a test”)
prefix used to indicate the direct targeting or thorough processing of a specific object or task
‎ob- + ‎robiť → ‎obrobiť (“to till/cultivate/process”)

Derived terms

Slovak terms prefixed with ob-

Further reading

Peciar, Štefan, editor (1959–1968), “ob-”, in Slovník slovenského jazyka [Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–6 (A – Ž; Doplnky, Dodatky), Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo SAV, →OCLC

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