en-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "en"

English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • em- (before certain consonants, principally the labials b and p)

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English en- (“en-, in-”). Originally from Old French en- (also an-), from Latin in- (“in, into”); but also from an alteration of in-, from Middle English in-, from Old English in- (“in, into”), from Proto-Germanic *in (“in”). Both the Latin and the Germanic forms are from Proto-Indo-European *en (“in, into”). Intensive use of Old French en-, an- is due to confluence with Frankish *an- (intensive prefix), related to Old English on- (intensive prefix). More at in-, on-.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɪn-/, /ən-/, /ɛn-/

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. Forms a transitive verb whose meaning is to make the attached adjective
    1. in, into
    2. on, onto
      embark
    3. covered
      embalm
  2. caused
  3. an intensifier

Usage notes[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

English terms prefixed with en-
verbs derived from French (or Anglo-Norman) verbs or expressions using en- or en
nouns derived from French (or Anglo-Norman) nouns or expressions using en- or en
verbs composed from en- + English verb (meaning: to include, apply)
verbs composed from en- + English noun, sometimes with additional verb suffixes as -ate, -en or -ize (“to enclose, enter in, provide with”)
verbs composed from en- + English adjective or other word type (meaning: provide with a quality)
terms derived from foreign (mostly Greek) words using en- or in-

See also[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived terms[edit]

Catalan terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

French[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old French en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɑ̃/
  • Audio(file)

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived terms[edit]

French terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Galician[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en-, in-

Derived terms[edit]

Galician terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Ido[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Prefix form of en (“in”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. prefix indicating in
    ‎en- + ‎irar (“to go”) → ‎enirar (“to go in; enter”)
    ‎en- + ‎swichar (“to switch”) → ‎enswichar (“to switch on”)

Derived terms[edit]

Ido terms prefixed with en-

Ladino[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • em- (before b or p)

Etymology[edit]

From Old Spanish en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of in (“in, into”).

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en-

Derived terms[edit]

Ladino terms prefixed with en-

Middle English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Old French en-, from Latin in-.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. Forms words, usually verbs, meaning "in", "on", or "around"; en-.
  2. Intensifies words, usually verbs; en-.

Usage notes[edit]

  • Sometimes used interchangeably with in-; see that entry for more.

Derived terms[edit]

Middle English terms prefixed with en-

Descendants[edit]

  • English: en- (in-)

References[edit]

Mohawk[edit]

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. future tense prefix

References[edit]

  • Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 5

Norman[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old French en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived terms[edit]

Norman terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Northern Ndebele[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Usage notes[edit]

The variant form em- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

Occitan[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Occitan en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived terms[edit]

Occitan terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Old French[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”). Influenced by Frankish *an- (intensive prefix), related to Old English on- (intensive prefix).

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (in; into)
  2. en- (intensifier)

Derived terms[edit]

Old French terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Old Saxon[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From ēn (“one”).

Prefix[edit]

ēn-

  1. one, uni-, only
    ēnkunni (“only, unique”)
  2. sole, single, solitary

Portuguese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • em- (before p or b), e- (before m or n)

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see em.

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived terms[edit]

Portuguese terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • em- (before b or p)

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Spanish en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (all meanings) (clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived terms[edit]

Spanish terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Tocharian A[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Related to Tocharian B en-, either borrowed into or from Tocharian A. Of uncertain origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European, cognate with Ancient Greek αἶνος (aînos, “story, tale”).

Verb[edit]

en-

  1. to instruct, teach
  2. to punish

Tocharian B[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Related to Tocharian A en-, either borrowed into or from Tocharian B. Of uncertain origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European, cognate with Ancient Greek αἶνος (aînos, “story, tale”).

Verb[edit]

en-

  1. to instruct, teach
  2. to punish

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “en-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 87

Welsh[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word
    ‎en- + ‎mawr (“big”) → ‎enfawr (“huge”)
    ‎en- + ‎pyd (“danger”) → ‎enbyd (“dangerous, exceeding, pressing”)

Derived terms[edit]

Welsh terms prefixed with en-

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
en- unchanged unchanged hen-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “en-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Xhosa[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Usage notes[edit]

The variant form em- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

Zulu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From a- (“relative”) +‎ n- (“class 9 basic noun prefix”).

Prefix[edit]

ḗn-

  1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Usage notes[edit]

The variant form em- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

References[edit]

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