κρύπτω
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unknown. The etymology determination is complicated by the fact that the word is both in sense and form similar with Ancient Greek καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”), thus indicating possible (bi-directional) analogical influence.
Although the word is traditionally compared with the semantically close Proto-Balto-Slavic *kráuˀtei (“to cover, hide”) (whence Russian крыть (krytʹ, “id”), Old Church Slavonic крꙑти (kryti, “id”), Lithuanian krovinỹs (“cargo”)), de Vaan notes that Balto-Slavic evidence demands a laryngeal while Greek excludes it, making a formal relation difficult.[1]
Beekes thus suggests possible Pre-Greek origin due to lack of solid Indo-European etymology, but acknowledges that the variation in labial (which he usually considered to be an argument for substrate origin) may be due to aforementioned analogy.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /krýp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkryp.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkryp.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkryp.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkrip.to/
Verb
[edit]κρύπτω • (krúptō)
Usage notes
[edit]An Ionic 3rd person plural perfect form κεκρύφαται (kekrúphatai), a poetic 3rd singular pluperfect κέκρυπτο (kékrupto), and Epic perfect participle κεκρυμμένος (kekrumménos), and an Epic 3rd person singular imperfect form κρύπτασκε (krúptaske) are attested.
Inflection
[edit]| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔκρῠπτον | ἔκρῠπτες | ἔκρῠπτε(ν) | ἐκρῠ́πτετον | ἐκρῠπτέτην | ἐκρῠ́πτομεν | ἐκρῠ́πτετε | ἔκρῠπτον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκρῠπτόμην | ἐκρῠ́πτου | ἐκρῠ́πτετο | ἐκρῠ́πτεσθον | ἐκρῠπτέσθην | ἐκρῠπτόμεθᾰ | ἐκρῠ́πτεσθε | ἐκρῠ́πτοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐκεκρύφειν, ἐκεκρύφη |
ἐκεκρύφεις, ἐκεκρύφης |
ἐκεκρύφει(ν) | ἐκεκρύφετον | ἐκεκρυφέτην | ἐκεκρύφεμεν | ἐκεκρύφετε | ἐκεκρύφεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κεκρῠ́μην | κέκρῠσο | κέκρῠτο | κέκρῠσθον | κεκρῠ́σθην | κεκρῠ́μεθᾰ | κέκρῠσθε | κέκρῠντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κεκρύφομαι | κεκρύφῃ, κεκρύφει |
κεκρύφεται | κεκρύφεσθον | κεκρύφεσθον | κεκρυφόμεθᾰ | κεκρύφεσθε | κεκρύφονται | ||||
| optative | κεκρυφοίμην | κεκρύφοιο | κεκρύφοιτο | κεκρύφοισθον | κεκρυφοίσθην | κεκρυφοίμεθᾰ | κεκρύφοισθε | κεκρύφοιντο | |||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | κεκρύφεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | κεκρυφόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | κεκρυφομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | κεκρυφόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Synonyms
[edit]- (conceal): καλύπτω (kalúptō)
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀμφικρύπτω (amphikrúptō)
- ἀνακρύπτω (anakrúptō)
- ἀποκρύπτω (apokrúptō)
- διακρύπτω (diakrúptō)
- ἐγκρύπτω (enkrúptō)
- ἐκκρύπτω (ekkrúptō)
- ἐπικρύπτω (epikrúptō)
- κατακρύπτω (katakrúptō)
- κρύβω (krúbō)
- παρακρύπτω (parakrúptō)
- περικρύπτω (perikrúptō)
- προκρύπτω (prokrúptō)
- συγκρύπτω (sunkrúptō)
- ὑποκρύπτω (hupokrúptō)
Related terms
[edit]- κρυπτάδιος (kruptádios)
- κρυπτεία (krupteía)
- κρυπτέον (kruptéon)
- κρυπτεύω (krupteúō)
- κρυπτή (kruptḗ)
- κρυπτήρ (kruptḗr)
- κρυπτήριος (kruptḗrios)
- κρύπτης (krúptēs)
- κρυπτικός (kruptikós)
- κρυπτίνδα (kruptínda)
- κρυπτός (kruptós)
- κρύφα (krúpha)
- κρυφαῖος (kruphaîos)
- κρυφῇ (kruphêi)
- κρυφία (kruphía)
- κρύφιος (krúphios)
- κρυφός (kruphós)
- κρύψις (krúpsis)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (1999) “The PIE root structure *Te(R)Dʰ-¹)”, in Historische Sprachforschung[1], page 12
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρύπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 786-787
Further reading
[edit]- “κρύπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κρύπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κρύπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κρύπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- κρύπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “κρύπτω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2928 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- κρύπτω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]κρύπτω • (krýpto) (past έκρυψα) passive -κρύπτομαι (found in compounds)
Usage notes
[edit]- Found only in compounds.
Conjugation
[edit]- See compounds
Related terms
[edit]Compounds:
Other κρυπτ- words
- κρύπτη f (krýpti, “crypt”)
- κρυπτο- (krypto-), κρυπτ- (krypt-) like κρυπτογραφώ (kryptografó)
- κρυπτόν n (kryptón, “crypton”) (chemistry)
And see κρύβω (krývo) for stems κρυφ-, κρυψ-