Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/atjaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Pre-Germanic *h₃odéyeti, causative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to hate”).

Verb[edit]

*atjaną[1]

  2. to incite
Inflection[edit]
Conjugation of *atjaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *atjō *atjaų — *atjai ?
2nd singular *atisi *atjais *ati *atjasai *atjaisau
3rd singular *atiþi *atjai *atjaþau *atjaþai *atjaiþau
1st dual *atjōs *atjaiw — — —
2nd dual *atjaþiz *atjaiþiz *atjaþiz — —
1st plural *atjamaz *atjaim — *atjanþai *atjainþau
2nd plural *atiþ *atjaiþ *atiþ *atjanþai *atjainþau
3rd plural *atjanþi *atjain *atjanþau *atjanþai *atjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *atidǭ *atidēdį̄
2nd singular *atidēz *atidēdīz
3rd singular *atidē *atidēdī
1st dual *atidēdū *atidēdīw
2nd dual *atidēdudiz *atidēdīdiz
1st plural *atidēdum *atidēdīm
2nd plural *atidēdud *atidēdīd
3rd plural *atidēdun *atidēdīn
present past
participles *atjandz *atidaz
Descendants[edit]
  • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *anattjan
    • Old Dutch: anetten
    • Old High German: anazzen
    • → Old French: anesser
  • ⇒? Proto-West Germanic: *ūtattjan
  • Old Norse: etja

Etymology 2[edit]

From *etaną +‎ *-janą (causative suffix). Diachronically from Proto-Indo-European *h₁odéyeti; compare Sanskrit आदयति (ādáyati, “to feed”).

Verb[edit]

*atjaną[2]

  2. to cause/allow to eat, feed (an animal)
    1. to pasture; graze
  3. to cause to be eaten, feed (fodder)
Inflection[edit]
Conjugation of *atjaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *atjō *atjaų — *atjai ?
2nd singular *atisi *atjais *ati *atjasai *atjaisau
3rd singular *atiþi *atjai *atjaþau *atjaþai *atjaiþau
1st dual *atjōs *atjaiw — — —
2nd dual *atjaþiz *atjaiþiz *atjaþiz — —
1st plural *atjamaz *atjaim — *atjanþai *atjainþau
2nd plural *atiþ *atjaiþ *atiþ *atjanþai *atjainþau
3rd plural *atjanþi *atjain *atjanþau *atjanþai *atjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *atidǭ *atidēdį̄
2nd singular *atidēz *atidēdīz
3rd singular *atidē *atidēdī
1st dual *atidēdū *atidēdīw
2nd dual *atidēdudiz *atidēdīdiz
1st plural *atidēdum *atidēdīm
2nd plural *atidēdud *atidēdīd
3rd plural *atidēdun *atidēdīn
present past
participles *atjandz *atidaz
Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*atjan- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*atjan- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39
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