gazda

See also: Gazda and gazdă

Hungarian

Etymology

First attested in c. 1177. Borrowed from a Slavic language. Compare Proto-Slavic *gostьpoda. See Slovak gazda, Serbo-Croatian gazda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡɒzdɒ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: gaz‧da
• Rhymes: -dɒ

Noun

gazda (plural gazdák)

1. master
2. farmer
3. host (in the expression házigazda)

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	gazda	gazdák
accusative	gazdát	gazdákat
dative	gazdának	gazdáknak
instrumental	gazdával	gazdákkal
causal-final	gazdáért	gazdákért
translative	gazdává	gazdákká
terminative	gazdáig	gazdákig
essive-formal	gazdaként	gazdákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	gazdában	gazdákban
superessive	gazdán	gazdákon
adessive	gazdánál	gazdáknál
illative	gazdába	gazdákba
sublative	gazdára	gazdákra
allative	gazdához	gazdákhoz
elative	gazdából	gazdákból
delative	gazdáról	gazdákról
ablative	gazdától	gazdáktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	gazdáé	gazdáké
non-attributive possessive – plural	gazdáéi	gazdákéi

Possessive forms of gazda

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	gazdám	gazdáim
2nd person sing.	gazdád	gazdáid
3rd person sing.	gazdája	gazdái
1st person plural	gazdánk	gazdáink
2nd person plural	gazdátok	gazdáitok
3rd person plural	gazdájuk	gazdáik

Derived terms

• gazdaság
• gazdálkodik
• gazdász
• gazdátlan

Compound words

• házigazda
• kisgazda
• közgazda
• mezőgazda
• rendszergazda

Expressions

• gazdát cserél

Descendants

• → Bulgarian: га́зда (gázda) (dialectal)
• → Czech: gazda (dialectal)
• → Macedonian: газда (gazda)
• → Old Ruthenian: кгазда (gazda), ґазда (gazda)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: ґа́зда́ (gázdá)
  • Ukrainian: ґа́зда́ (gázdá) (dialectal)
• → Old Slovak: gazda
  • Pannonian Rusyn: ґазда (gazda)
  • Slovak: gazda
• → Polish: gazda (dialectal)
• → Romanian: gazdă
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: га̏зда

  Latin script: gȁzda

  • → Slovene: gȃzda (tonal orthography)
• → Slovak: gazda

Further reading

• gazda in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis

Proto-Indo-European *pótis

Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis

Proto-Balto-Slavic *gástipatis

Proto-Slavic *gospodь

Slavicbor.

Hungarian gazdabor.

Polish gazda

Borrowed from Hungarian gazda.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡaz.da/

• (Masovia):
  • (Far Masovian) IPA^(key): [ˈɡaz.da]
• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Goral):
    • (Żywiec) IPA^(key): [ˈɡaz.da]
    • (Podhale) IPA^(key): [ˈɡaz.da]
    • (Zagórze) IPA^(key): [ˈɡaz.da]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -azda
• Syllabification: gaz‧da

Noun

gazda m pers (female equivalent gaździna)

1. (agriculture, chiefly Podhale, Żywiec) Goral farmer
2. (Biecz, Zagórze) rich and powerful farmer

   hruby gazda (Zagórze) ― rich farmer

   porzómny gazda (Zagórze) ― decent rich farmer

3. (Far Masovian, Łomża Voivodeship) synonym of próżniak

Declension

Declension of gazda

	singular	plural
nominative	gazda	gazdowie/gazdy
genitive	gazdy	gazdów
dative	gaździe	gazdom
accusative	gazdę	gazdów
instrumental	gazdą	gazdami
locative	gaździe	gazdach
vocative	gazdo	gazdowie/gazdy

Derived terms

verbs

• gazdować impf

Further reading

• “gazda”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[2] (in Polish)
• Izydor Kopernicki (1875), “gazda”, in “Spostrzeżenia nad właściwościami językowémi w mowie Górali Bieskidowych z dodatkiem słowniczka wyrazów góralskich”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I)‎^[3], volume 3, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 370
• Leon Rzeszowski (1891), “gazda”, in “Spis wyrazów ludowych z okolic Żywca”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności‎^[4], volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 355
• Roman Zawiliński (1880), “gazda”, in “Gwara brzezińska w pow. ropczyckim”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I)‎^[5] (in Polish), volume 8, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 228
• Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “gazda”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 196
• Józefa Kobylińska (2001), “gazda”, in Marian Kucała, editor, Słownik gwary gorczańskiej (zagórzańskiej)‎^[6] (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, →ISBN, page 41

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Possibly Borrowed from Hungarian gazda, from a Slavic language; see Proto-Slavic *gostьpoda. Possibly from Early South Slavic **gazditi + *-a, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

• Németh 2009 explains the Old Hungarian gazda as a borrowing of Late Common Slavic *gostьpoda as **gospoda, yielding *gozda after the syncopy of -o-, with -spd- reduced to -sd-, then expectedly voiced to -zd-. The o > å opening process is widely attested in the 11th-14th century Old Hungarian. The disadvantage of this explanation is in its phonetic complexity.
• An alternative is a connection with Trubachyov's Early South Slavic **gazditi "to gag", (< *gadъ-diti with -dd- > -zd- analogous to Early South Slavic *gyzda < *gydъ-diti (cf. *gyditi), *gvazdati), an etymology devised to explain Slovene dial. gáziti se "to gag" and Bulgarian газя "to shout" (which he deemed semantically incompatible with *gaziti). The disadvantage of this explanation is in its semantic complexity, requiring a shift chain "to gag" > "to shout" > (+ deverbal agentive -a) "shouter" ~ "overseer" (eventually "lord").

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡâzda/

Noun

gȁzda m anim (Cyrillic spelling га̏зда)

1. landlord
2. master
3. host
4. (colloquial) boss, bossman, head honcho
5. (of Romani) saar

Declension

Declension of gazda

	singular	plural
nominative	gazda	gazde
genitive	gazde	gazda / gazdi
dative	gazdi	gazdama
accusative	gazdu	gazde
vocative	gazdo	gazde
locative	gazdi	gazdama
instrumental	gazdom	gazdama

See also

• domaćin
• gazdarica

Further reading

• “gazda”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak gazda, borrowed from Hungarian gazda, from a Slavic language; see Proto-Slavic *gostьpoda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡazda/, [ˈɡazda]
• Rhymes: -azda
• Hyphenation: gaz‧da

Noun

gazda m pers (relational adjective gazdovský, diminutive gazdík or gazdíček or gazdíčko)

1. host

Declension

Declension of gazda
(pattern hrdina)

	singular	plural
nominative	gazda	gazdovia
genitive	gazdu	gazdov
dative	gazdovi	gazdom
accusative	gazdu	gazdov
locative	gazdovi	gazdoch
instrumental	gazdom	gazdami

Further reading

• “gazda”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026