-oir
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old French -eoir, from Latin -(āt)ōrium, a suffix attached to the supine stem of verbs to form neuter nouns denoting instruments or places. See also -oire f, inherited from Latin -(āt)ōria (the feminine version of this suffix), and -(at)oire m, a semi-learned borrowing from -tōrium that is found in nouns built on Latin supine stems. Cognate to English -ory and -or.
Suffix
[edit]-oir m (noun-forming suffix, plural -oirs)
- A suffix used on verbs to form masculine words for objects or tools used to do something.
- A suffix used on verbs to form masculine words for places where something is done.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Latin -ēre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of second conjugation verbs. Compare Italian -ere, Romanian -ea, Romansh -air.
Suffix
[edit]-oir
- A suffix forming infinitives of some verbs.
Usage notes
[edit]- Verbs in -oir are fairly few and all of them are irregular to different degrees. The most important ones are asseoir, avoir, devoir, falloir, pleuvoir, pouvoir, recevoir, savoir, valoir, voir, vouloir.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of -oir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | -oir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | -ant | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | -u | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | -s or -x | -s or -x | -t | -ons | -ez | -ent |
| imperfect | -ais | -ais | -ait | -ions | -iez | -aient | |
| past historic2 | -us | -us | -ut | -ûmes | -ûtes | -urent | |
| future | -rai | -ras | -ra | -ront | -rez | -ront | |
| conditional | -rais | -rais | -rait | -rions | -riez | -raient | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | -e | -es | -e | -ions | -iez | -ent |
| imperfect2 | -usse | -usses | -ût | -ussions | -ussiez | -ussent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | -s or -x | — | -ons | -ez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
- The basic inflectional endings are nearly identical to those of -re verbs, with the exception of the past historic/imperfect subjunctive endings, whose theme vowel is -u- instead of -i-.
- In addition, -oir verbs retain historical alternations such as distinct stressed, unstressed and future/conditional stems, making their conjugations highly irregular on the surface. See French irregular verbs.
See also
[edit]Categories:
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms derived from Latin
- French lemmas
- French suffixes
- French noun-forming suffixes
- French countable suffixes
- French masculine suffixes
- French terms inherited from Latin