bruire

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French, from Vulgar Latin *brūgere (attested in the third-person singular indicative form brugit), from a crossing of Latin rugīre (compare French rugir) + *bragere (whence French braire). Compare English burr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bʁɥiʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iʁ

Verb

bruire

1. to make a low noise
2. to rustle
3. to rattle
4. to roar

Conjugation

• This verb is conjugated as if it ended in -ir.
• Archaic forms based on the conjugation of fuir (e.g. bruyais) may also be encountered.

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of bruire (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	bruire
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	bruissant /bʁɥi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		brui /bʁɥi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	bruis /bʁɥi/	bruis /bʁɥi/	bruit /bʁɥi/	bruissons /bʁɥi.sɔ̃/	bruissez /bʁɥi.se/	bruissent /bʁɥis/
	imperfect	bruissais /bʁɥi.sɛ/	bruissais /bʁɥi.sɛ/	bruissait /bʁɥi.sɛ/	bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/	bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/	bruissaient /bʁɥi.sɛ/
	past historic2	bruis /bʁɥi/	bruis /bʁɥi/	bruit /bʁɥi/	bruîmes /bʁɥim/	bruîtes /bʁɥit/	bruirent /bʁɥiʁ/
	future	bruirai /bʁɥi.ʁe/	bruiras /bʁɥi.ʁa/	bruira /bʁɥi.ʁa/	bruirons /bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/	bruirez /bʁɥi.ʁe/	bruiront /bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	bruirais /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/	bruirais /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/	bruirait /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/	bruirions /bʁɥi.ʁjɔ̃/	bruiriez /bʁɥi.ʁje/	bruiraient /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	bruisse /bʁɥis/	bruisses /bʁɥis/	bruisse /bʁɥis/	bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/	bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/	bruissent /bʁɥis/
	imperfect2	bruisse /bʁɥis/	bruisses /bʁɥis/	bruît /bʁɥi/	bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/	bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/	bruissent /bʁɥis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	bruis /bʁɥi/	—	bruissons /bʁɥi.sɔ̃/	bruissez /bʁɥi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• bruant
• bruit
• bruissement
• bruyant

Further reading

• “bruire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Italian

Verb

bruìre (first-person singular present (rare) bruìsco, first-person singular past historic bruìi, no past participle) (intransitive, literary) [auxiliary avere]

1. to gurgle

Conjugation

    Conjugation of bruìre (-ire; defective) (See Appendix:Italian verbs)

infinitive	bruìre
auxiliary verb		—	gerund		bruèndo
present participle		bruènte	past participle		—
person	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	io	tu	lui/lei, esso/essa	noi	voi	loro, essi/esse
present	bruìsco1	bruìsci1	bruìsce1	bruiàmo1	bruìte1	bruìscono1
imperfect	bruìvo	bruìvi	bruìva	bruivàmo	bruivàte	bruìvano
past historic	bruìi	bruìsti	bruì	bruìmmo	bruìste	bruìrono
future	bruirò	bruirài	bruirà	bruirémo	bruiréte	bruirànno
conditional	io	tu	lui/lei, esso/essa	noi	voi	loro, essi/esse
present	bruirèi	bruirésti	bruirèbbe, bruirébbe	bruirémmo	bruiréste	bruirèbbero, bruirébbero
subjunctive	che io	che tu	che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa	che noi	che voi	che loro, che essi/che esse
present	bruìsca	bruìsca	bruìsca	bruiàmo	bruiàte	bruìscano
imperfect	bruìssi	bruìssi	bruìsse	bruìssimo	bruìste	bruìssero
imperative	—	tu	Lei	noi	voi	Loro
		bruìsci	bruìsca	bruiàmo	bruìte	bruìscano
negative imperative		non bruìre	non bruìsca	non bruiàmo	non bruìte	non bruìscano

¹Rare.