abnormal
English
[edit]
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From ab- + normal. First attested in 1835, replacing the earlier anormal and even earlier abnormous,[1] from Latin abnormis (“departing from normal”), from either (ab- (“away from”) + norma (“rule, norm”)),[2] or Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos).[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]abnormal (comparative more abnormal, superlative most abnormal)
- Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type. [First attested around the mid 19th century.][4]
- 1899, Arthur Conan Doyle, chapter 6, in A Duet:
- And then after an abnormal meal, which was either a very late breakfast or a very early lunch, they drove on to Victoria Station.
- 1993, Plato, translated by Hugh Tredennick and Harold Tarrant, “Justice and Duty (i): Socrates Speaks at his Trial: the Apology”, in The Last Days of Socrates (Penguin Classics), revised edition, London; New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 41:
- Here perhaps one of you might interrupt me and say, 'But what is it that you do, Socrates? How is it that you have been misrepresented like this? Surely all this talk and gossip about you would never have arisen if you had confined yourself to ordinary activities, but only if your behaviour was abnormal. Give us the explanation, if you do not want us to draw our own conclusions.'
- Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health. [First attested around the early 20th century.][4]
- 1904, Jack London, chapter 23, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:
- Furuseth was right; I was abnormal, an "emotionless monster," a strange bookish creature, capable of pleasuring in sensations only of the mind.
- 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 161:
- Many of the so-called rites of these secret societies were so patently ridiculous, that it is quite obvious that they were merely an excuse for men and women to indulge in sex-play and lustful gratification, frequently of an abnormal kind.
Synonyms
[edit]- (not conforming to rule or system; deviating from type): aberrant, anomalous, atypical, exceptional, extraordinary, irregular, preternatural, strange, unusual.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Translations
[edit]not conforming to rule or system
of or pertaining to behaviour that deviates from norms
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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Noun
[edit]abnormal (plural abnormals)
- A person or object that is not normal.
References
[edit]- ^ Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 3
- ^ Morris, William, editor (1969), The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, New York, NY: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., published 1971, →ISBN, page 3
- ^ Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002), “abnormal”, in The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, →ISBN, page 3.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abnormal”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 6.
Cebuano
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from English abnormal.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal
Adjective
[edit]abnormal
- abnormal; deviating from the usual or normal type
- retarded (having mental retardation)
- 2017 — Kris Aquino Gitawag og `Abnormal’ (12 February), Superbalita
- Gitubag ni Kris Aquino, 45, ang basher nga nitawag niya ug sa iyang igsuon[sic], kanhi Presidente Noynoy Aquino nga “abnormal” sa Instagram post. Hasta ang mga anak ni Kris nga silang Bimby ug Joshua gitawag nga abnormal sa dunay Instagram user nga @carlaren_0809. Apan gitabangan og away sa fans ni Kris ang basher nga nag-ilis sad dayon og pangan, gikan sa @carlaren_0809 ngadto sa @cherry_amor16. Gawas sa pagtawag kang Kris nga "abnormal," gikalkal sa basher ang mga nahimong karelasyon ni Kris. Ang tubag sa TV host-actress, nga wala niya gitago ang iyang kasaypanan niadto apan iya na ning gibasulan[sic].
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2017 — Kris Aquino Gitawag og `Abnormal’ (12 February), Superbalita
- stupid (lacking in intelligence)
Noun
[edit]abnormal
Derived terms
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Related to Latin ab- and normal
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]abnormal (strong nominative masculine singular abnormaler, comparative abnormaler, superlative am abnormalsten)
Declension
[edit]Positive forms of abnormal
Comparative forms of abnormal
Superlative forms of abnormal
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch abnormaal, from English abnormal or German abnormal. Equivalent of ab- (“away from”) + normal.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /abˈnɔrmal/ [ap̚ˈnɔr.mal]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɔrmal
- Syllabification: ab‧nor‧mal
Adjective
[edit]abnormal (comparative lebih abnormal, superlative paling abnormal)
- abnormal (not conforming to rule or system)
Derived terms
[edit]- abnormalkan (“to abnormalize”)
- keabnormalan (“abnormalness, abnormality”)
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “abnormal”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016
Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From English abnormal, from Latin abnormis (“departing from normal”), from either (ab- (“away from”) + norma (“rule, norm”)), or Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (English-based) IPA(key): [ɛp.nɔ.məl]
- (spelling-based) IPA(key): [ap.nɔ(r).mal]
- Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal
Adjective
[edit]abnormal (Jawi spelling ابنورمل, comparative lebih abnormal, superlative paling abnormal)
Affixations
[edit]References
[edit]- “abnormal” in Kamus Dewan Perdana, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2021, →ISBN, page 4.
- “abnormal”, in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu [Malay Literary Reference Centre] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From abnorm + -al, perhaps modelled after English abnormal.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]abnormal (neuter singular abnormalt, definite singular and plural abnormale, comparative mer abnormal, superlative mest abnormal)
- abnormal (not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type)
- Synonyms: anormal, unormal, uvanlig, usedvanlig, ualminnelig, overordentlig
- Antonyms: normal, vanlig, ordinær, gjennomsnittlig
- abnormal psykologi ― abnormal psychology
- 1969, Naturen:
- normale og abnormale blodceller
- normal and abnormal blood cells
- 1909, Henrik Ibsen, Efterladte Skrifter I, page 406:
- [de] abnormale mod skjønhedsideen stridende udvæxter
- [the] abnormal outgrowths contrary to the idea of beauty
- 1967, Naturen, page 6:
- abnormalt høye varmestrømmer fra underhavene [områdene under verdenshavene]
- abnormally high heat flows from under the oceans [areas under the world's oceans]
- 2015 February 18, scenekunst.no[X]:
- [han er] ikledd et absurd kontorantrekk fra 60-tallet med abnormalt høyt liv og et stripete slips
- [he is] wearing an absurd office suit from the 60's with abnormally high waist and a striped tie
References
[edit]- “abnormal” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
- “abnormal” in Store norske leksikon
Tagalog
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from English abnormal, originally as a pseudo-Hispanism as shown by ultimate stress. The correct Spanish counterpart is anormal. Doublet of anormal.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog)
- Syllabification: ab‧nor‧mal
Adjective
[edit]abnormál or abnormal (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔)
- abnormal; irregular
- Synonyms: di-karaniwan, di-normal, anormal
- (vulgar, colloquial) despicably stupid; useless; expressing improper or irregular behavior
Usage notes
[edit]- The pronunciation /ʔabnoɾˈmal/ is the usual pronunciation attested in dictionaries and is commonly used.
- The pronunciation /ʔabˈnoɾmal/ is commonly used in code-switching speech, especially by younger speakers.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “abnormal”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2025
- “abnormal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018.
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