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admiral

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Admiral, admirál, and admirał

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
The seal of George of Antioch, first "admiral" of Sicily, with his title in Greek (ΑΜΗΡΑϹ, Amēras)
Florent de Varennes, first admiral of France, with Louis IX on the Eighth Crusade
VAdm Horatio Nelson, RN, in Trafalgar Square, London
FADM Chester Nimitz, USN

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Medieval Latin -ālis
▲
Latin admīrorinflu.
Medieval Latin admirālisder.
Old French admiralder.
Middle English admiral
English admiral

    From Middle English admiral etc., from Anglo-Norman and Old French admiral etc., from Medieval Latin admiralis, admirallus, and admiralius, from irregular modification of amiralis etc. under the influence of the prefix ad- and particularly admiror (“to admire, respect”), from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”). The ending is frequently but mistakenly folk etymologized to derive from the article ال (al-), particularly in Arabic أَمِير اَلبَحْر (ʔamīr al-baḥr, “commander of the sea”), first attested as a Fatimid office, or in Arabic أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِين (ʔamīr al-muʔminīn, “Commander of the Believers, caliph”). It seems instead to have been borrowed from modification of only the first term in Arabic أَمِير الْأُمَرَاء (ʔamīr al-ʔumarāʔ, “emir of emirs, commander-in-chief”) as used as a title for important commanders in Norman Sicily in the mid-12th century. First attested as an English rank in reference to Gervase Alard of Winchelsea as "admiral of the fleet of the Cinque Ports".[1] Doublet of emir, amir, Amir, and amira.

    Pronunciation

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    • (UK, Australia) IPA(key): /ˈædməɹəl/, /ˈædmɹəl/, /ˈædməɹl/
    • (US, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈædməɹəl/, /ˈædmɚəl/, [æd.mɹəl]
      • Audio (US):(file)
    • Hyphenation: ad‧mir‧al

    Noun

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    admiral (plural admirals)

    2. (military, now informal) The commander of a naval squadron or fleet, regardless of formal rank. [1429]
    4. (military) The appointed commander of a navy, regardless of formal title. [1440]
    6. (military) A high rank in the British and American Navies, NATO grade OF-9, equivalent ranks in other navies, in coast guards, etc.
      • 1776 September 4, John Paul Jones, letter to Robert Morris:
        ... from my experience in Ours as well as from my former intimacy with many Officers of Note in the British Navy, I am convinced that the Parity of Rank between Sea & land or Marine Officers, is of more consequence to the harmony of the Service, than hath generally been imagined. — in the British Establishment — an Admiral ranks with a Genl a Vice Admiral with a Lieut Genl a Rear Admiral with a Major Genl a Commodore with a Brigadier Genl — a Captain with a Colonel, a master & Commander with a Lieut Colnel — a Lieut. Commanding with a Major, and a Lieutenant in the Navy Ranks with a Captain of Horse, Foot or Marines. — I propose not our Enemies as an Example for our Genl imitation — Yet as their Navy is the best regulated of any in the World, we must in Some degree imitate them and Aim at such further improvement as may one day make ours Vie with and Exceed theirs.
      • 1836 March 17, 'Candor', "The Navy", Army and Navy Chronicle, Vol. II, No. 11, p. 173:
        He has appealed to the navies of Europe to prove, that we ought to have Admirals; then, of course he is willing, or at least ought to be so, to let their rules govern in promoting to that grade. The general principle which governs the navies of the old world is... when the Post is attained, then promotion is by inheritance... If a Post Captain in the English navy lives long enough, he is certain of being an Admiral, though not before he is sixty years of age... Hence it is manifest that the public interest no more requires the new grade of Admiral to be added to the navy, than it does the bestowing of orders of nobility on all the diplomatic agents, who represent the United States at the different courts of Europe.
    8. The commander of a fishing or merchant fleet, particularly (historical, Canada) a captain granted special privileges in exchange for bringing the first ship of a given fishing season to certain harbors in Newfoundland. [1589]
    10. Any of several species of nymphalid butterflies of the genera Kaniska, Limenitis and Vanessa. [1799]
    11. (conchology) The shell of the Conus ammiralis; the cone shells of various other species displaying similarly intricate banding. [1752]
    13. (now historical) Synonym of flagship: an admiral's ship in a fleet, the command or largest ship in a naval or commercial fleet. [1557]
    14. (now historical, uncommon) Synonym of emir, a Muslim commander or prince. [c. 1275]
    15. (obsolete) Any of several varieties of pear, the trees which produce them. [1693]

    Hyponyms

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    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Translations

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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    References

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    1. ^ The Mastery of the Sea, by Cyril Field, page 234

    Anagrams

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    Cebuano

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr)
    Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-
    Proto-Indo-European *-is
    Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?
    Proto-Italic *-ālis
    Medieval Latin -ālis
    ▲
    Latin admīrorinflu.
    Medieval Latin admirālisder.
    Old French admiralder.
    Middle English admiral
    English admiralbor.
    Cebuano admiral

      Borrowed from English admiral.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ʔadmiˈɾal/ [ʔɐd̪.miˈɾ̪al̪]
      • Hyphenation: ad‧mi‧ral

      Noun

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      admirál (Badlit spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜇᜎ᜔)

      1. (military) admiral

      Indonesian

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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        Borrowed from Dutch admiraal, from Middle Dutch ammirael under influence from Latin admīrārī (“to admire, to respect”), from Old French amiral, from Latin amiralis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”). Equivalent to amir +‎ bahar.

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        admiral

        1. admiral
          Synonym: laksamana

        Further reading

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        Middle English

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        Noun

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        admiral

        1. alternative form of amiral

        Norwegian Bokmål

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        Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia nb
        Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia nb
        Admiral Haakon Bruun-Hanssen (to the left), Norwegian Chief of Defence, at Akershus Fortress.
        An admiral butterfly resting on a flower.

        Etymology

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          From Old French admiral, from Medieval Latin admiralis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”) under influence from admīrārī (“to admire, to respect”).

          Pronunciation

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          • IPA(key): /admɪˈrɑːl/
          • Audio:(file)
          • Rhymes: -ɑːl
          • Hyphenation: ad‧mi‧ral

          Noun

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          admiral m (definite singular admiralen, indefinite plural admiraler, definite plural admiralene)

          1. (military, nautical) an admiral (a naval officer of the highest rank; the commander of a country's naval forces)
            • 1920, Jonas Lie, Samlede Digterverker VI, page 181:
              kommandøren og admiralen
              the commander and the admiral
            • 2015 January 12, NTBtekst:
              admiral Haakon Bruun-Hanssen har vært norsk forsvarssjef i noe over ett år
              Admiral Haakon Bruun-Hanssen has been Norwegian Chief of Defense for a little over a year
            • 2011 December 30, Dagsavisen‎[dagsavisen.no]:
              den iranske marinens nestkommanderende, admiral Mahmoud Moussavi
              the Deputy Commander of the Iranian Navy, Admiral Mahmoud Moussavi
          2. (historical) a commander-in-chief of a collection of ships belonging to an admiralty
          3. (zoology) the red admiral (a bright red and black butterfly (Vanessa atalanta) of the family Nymphalidae)
            Synonym: admiralsommerfugl
            • 2012, Stig Aasvik, Indre anliggender:
              her om dagen så jeg en admiral på byen, den hadde forvillet seg inn i en bakgård på Grünerløkka
              the other day I saw an admiral in the city, it had strayed into a backyard on Grünerløkka

          Derived terms

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          Descendants

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          References

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          Norwegian Nynorsk

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          Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia nn

          Etymology

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            From Old French admiral, from Medieval Latin admiralis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”) under influence from admīrārī (“to admire, to respect”).

            Noun

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            admiral m (definite singular admiralen, indefinite plural admiralar, definite plural admiralane)

            1. (military, nautical) an admiral

            References

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            Old French

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            Etymology

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              From Medieval Latin admirālis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -ālis (“-al”) under influence from admīrārī (“to admire, to respect”).

              Noun

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              admiral oblique singular, m (oblique plural admiraus or admirax or admirals, nominative singular admiraus or admirax or admirals, nominative plural admiral)

              1. (Anglo-Norman) alternative form of amiral

              Descendants

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              References

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              Romanian

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              Etymology

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              Via variants influenced by Latin admīrārī (“to admire, to respect”).

              Noun

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              admiral m (plural admirali)

              1. obsolete form of amiral

              Declension

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              singular plural
              indefinite definite indefinite definite
              nominative-accusative admiral admiralul admirali admiralii
              genitive-dative admiral admiralului admirali admiralilor
              vocative admiralule admiralilor

              References

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              • admiral in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

              Serbo-Croatian

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              Etymology

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              From Arabic اَمِير (amīr, “commander”) + -al.

              Pronunciation

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              • IPA(key): /admǐraːl/
              • Hyphenation: ad‧mi‧ral

              Noun

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              admìrāl m anim (Cyrillic spelling адмѝра̄л)

              1. admiral

              Declension

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              Declension of admiral
              singular plural
              nominative admìrāl admirali
              genitive admirála admirala
              dative admiralu admiralima
              accusative admirala admirale
              vocative admirale admirali
              locative admiralu admiralima
              instrumental admiralom admiralima

              Slovene

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              Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
              Wikipedia sl

              Etymology

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                From German Admiral, from English admiral, from Middle English, Anglo-Norman, and Old French admiral, from Medieval Latin admiralis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”) under influence from admīrārī (“to admire, to respect”).

                Pronunciation

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                • (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [ˌadmiˈɾâːl], SNPT: [admirȃl]
                • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): [ˌadmiˈɾaːl], SNPT: [admirál]
                • (Some Upper Carniolan and Carinthian dialects, particularly Rosen Valley dialect) IPA(key): [ˌadmiˈʀâːl], SNPT: [admiṙȃl]

                Note: different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

                • Rhymes: -aːl (ál) (non-tonal)
                • Hyphenation: ad‧mi‧r‧al

                Noun

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                admirȃl m anim

                admiral (sense 3)
                1. Admiral, a naval officer of the highest rank, above vice admiral.
                2. (zoology) Vanessa atalanta, a type of butterfly.
                3. An Opel car model.

                Declension

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                First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent
                nom. sing. admirȃl
                gen. sing. admirȃla
                singular dual plural
                nominative
                imenovȃlnik                 		admirȃl admirȃla admirȃli
                genitive
                rodȋlnik                 		admirȃla admirȃlov admirȃlov
                dative
                dajȃlnik                 		admirȃlu admirȃloma admirȃlom
                accusative
                tožȋlnik                 		admirȃla admirȃla admirȃle
                locative
                mẹ̑stnik                 		admirȃlu admirȃlih admirȃlih
                instrumental
                orọ̑dnik                 		admirȃlom admirȃloma admirȃli
                (vocative)
                (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)                 		admirȃl admirȃla admirȃli

                Further reading

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                • “admiral”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

                Tagalog

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                Etymology

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                Etymology tree
                Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr)
                Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-
                Proto-Indo-European *-is
                Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?
                Proto-Italic *-ālis
                Medieval Latin -ālis
                ▲
                Latin admīrorinflu.
                Medieval Latin admirālisder.
                Old French admiralder.
                Middle English admiral
                English admiralbor.
                Tagalog admiral

                  Borrowed from English admiral, from Middle English admiral, from Old French admiral, from Medieval Latin admirālis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr) + Medieval Latin -ālis, influenced by Latin admīror. Doublet of almirante.

                  Pronunciation

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                  Noun

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                  ádmirál (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜇᜎ᜔) (military)

                  1. admiral
                    Synonyms: almirante, laksamana
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                  References

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                  Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=admiral&oldid=93487811"