ad-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ad"

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ad-. Doublet of at-.

Prefix

ad-

1. (no longer productive) near, at.

   adrenal

2. (no longer productive) toward, to, tendency, or addition.

   adjoin

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with ad-

Translations

near; at

• Portuguese: ad- (pt), a- (pt)

References

• “ad-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• “ad-”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Anagrams

• D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

Catalan

Prefix

ad-

1. ad-

Ido

Etymology

Prefix form of ad. Also based on Latin ad-.

Prefix

ad-

1. to (indicating that to which there is movement, tendency or position, with or without arrival)

   portar (“carry, bear”) → adportar (“bring, carry (to a person or place)”)

   ube (“where”) → adube (“where to (with motion), whither”)

Derived terms

Ido terms prefixed with ad-

Latin

Alternative forms

For euphony, ad- can assimilate the attached stem's initial consonant, becoming: a- (before sc, sp and st), ac- (before c and q), af- (before f), ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, or at-.

Etymology

From the Latin preposition ad (“to, towards”), in turn from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”).

Prefix

ad-

1. to
2. usually prefixed to verbs, in which cases it often has the effect of intensifying the verbal action

See also

Latin terms prefixed with ad-

Lushootseed

Prefix

ad-

1. your (singular)

Maquiritari

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [aɾ̠-]

Prefix

ad-

1. (De'kwana dialect) Allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel a or e.

Inflection

Maquiritari personal markers

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
						transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-1
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü					n-, ni-
distant past third person		—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-
With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include Latin ad and English at.

Prefix

ad-

1. to, towards
2. in many compounds, it has a purely intensive sense
3. augment infix used instead of ro- on verbs whose first prefix is com- and the stressed syllable starts with a consonant

   ‎con·birt (“you conceived”) + ‎ad- → ‎con·abairt (“you have conceived”) (forms of con·beir)

   ‎con·melt (“(s)he rubbed”) + ‎ad- → ‎con·amailt (“(s)he had rubbed”) (forms of con·meil)

   ‎·coscrad (“not destroyed”) + ‎ad- → ‎·comscarad (“had not destroyed”) (past subjunctive prototonic forms of con·scara)

   ‎con·gab (“it contained”) + ‎ad- → ‎con·acab (“it had contained”) (forms of con·gaib)

   ‎*·cotla + ‎ad- → ‎·comthala (subjunctive forms of con·tuili (“to sleep”))

Usage notes

• ad-, when used as an augment affix, vanishes in prototonic forms due to syncope. However, its presence may be detected via the different syncope patterns between forms augmented with ad- and those that were not.
• In deuterotonic verbs where ad- is the first prefix and the next sound is /t/, the d in the prefix may be dropped in its spelling.

Derived terms

Old Irish terms prefixed with ad-

Descendants

• Irish: a- (no longer productive)

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
ad-	unchanged	n-ad-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ad-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• a-

Prefix

ad-

1. ad- (near; at)

Welsh

Alternative forms

• at-

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *ate-, from Proto-Celtic *ati-. from Proto-Indo-European *éti. Cognate with Cornish as-, English ed-, Latin et (“and”), Sanskrit अति (ati, “over-”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ad/

Prefix

ad-

1. again, back, re-

   Synonym: ail-

   ‎ad- + ‎llais (“voice”) → ‎adlais (“echo”)

   ‎ad- + ‎talu (“to pay”) → ‎ad-dalu (“to refund”)

   ‎ad- + ‎blas (“taste”) → ‎adflas (“aftertaste”)

2. affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word

   ‎ad- + ‎cas (“hated, nasty”) → ‎atgas (“hateful, detestable”)

Derived terms

Welsh terms prefixed with ad-

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
ad-	unchanged	unchanged	had-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.