af-
Danish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Norse af-. Compare German ab-, Swedish av-.
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
af-
- de-, to cause to cease to be
- tabuisere (“to taboo”) -> aftabuisere (“to detaboo”)
- klassificere (“classify, make classified (secret)”) -> afklassificere (“declassify, make unclassified”)
- militarisere (“militarize”) -> afmilitarisere (“demilitarize”)
- mystificere (“mystify”) -> afmystificere (“demystify”)
- off, from (signifies removal)
Synonyms[edit]
- (de-): de-
Derived terms[edit]
Dutch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *ab.
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
af-
Derived terms[edit]
Gothic[edit]
Romanization[edit]
af-
- Romanization of 𐌰𐍆-
Icelandic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Norse af-, from Proto-Germanic *aba-.
Prefix[edit]
af-
Derived terms[edit]
Old English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *aba-.
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
af-
Usage notes[edit]
- This is a verbal prefix. The noun counterpart of this prefix is æf-.
Old Norse[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *aba-. Cognate with Old Norse æf-.
Prefix[edit]
af-
- away, off, from, away from
- excessively, negatively
Derived terms[edit]
Old Saxon[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *aba-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
af-
- Forming verbs and adjectives with the sense of "off", "away", "from", "out of", "away from"
- down
Scots[edit]
Prefix[edit]
af-
References[edit]
- “af-, pref.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Swedish[edit]
Prefix[edit]
af-
- Obsolete spelling of av-
Welsh[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Brythonic *aβ̃-, from Proto-Celtic *am-, allophonic variant of *an- before *b and *ɸ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
af-
- not, un-, non-, an-, dis-, negative prefix
- Synonym: an-
- af- + glân (“clean; honest”) → aflan (“corrupt, evil”)
- af- + llwyddiannus (“successful”) → aflwyddiannus (“unsuccessful”)
- af- + rhwydd (“easy”) → afrwydd (“difficult”)
- af- + iechyd (“health”) → afiechyd (“sickness, illness”)
Usage notes[edit]
The prefix af- triggers the soft mutation. It is used only before gl, ll, rh, and consonantal i, with an- used elsewhere.
Derived terms[edit]
Mutation[edit]
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
af- | unchanged | unchanged | haf- |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References[edit]
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “af-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
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- Gothic non-lemma forms
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- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
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