af

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See also: AF, aF, A.F., af-, .af, äf, and âf

Translingual[edit]

Symbol[edit]

af

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Afrikaans.

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

af (not comparable)

  1. (postpositive, vulgar, slang, Internet slang, text messaging) Initialism of as fuck.
    Alternative forms: AF, asf
    • 2009 April 6, Kull, Ashley, “Bored af!!!!”, in Twitter‎[1], archived from the original on 2016-06-14:
      Bored af!!!!

Etymology 2[edit]

  1. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of after.

Anagrams[edit]

Afar[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Cushitic *ʔaf, from Proto-Afroasiatic [Term?]. Cognates include Oromo afaan, Somali af and Saho af, furthermore Amharic አፍ (ʾäf) and Arabic فَم‎ (fam).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

áf m (plural afitté f or afoofá f or afoofí f)

  1. mouth
  2. cutting edge
  3. language

Usage notes[edit]

  • The plural afitté is used in the southern dialects, whereas afoofá and afoofí are used in the northern dialects.

Declension[edit]

Declension of áf
absolutive áf
predicative áfa
subjective áf
genitive aftí
Postpositioned forms
l-case áfal
k-case áfak
t-case áfat
h-case áfah

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “af”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse af, from Proto-Germanic *ab. Related to English of, off and German ab.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [a], (in the end of a phrase) [ˈæːˀ]

Preposition[edit]

af

  1. by
    the active part, originator: En roman af Hemingway - A novel by Hemingway
  2. of
    indicating connection: Ejeren af huset - The owner of the house
    in descriptions: En mand af format - A man of stature; Et hus lavet af træ - A house made of wood
    part of: ni ud af ti - nine out of ten
  3. from
    of origin: Jeg hørte det af ham - I heard it from him
  4. off
    away from: Jeg faldt af cyklen - I fell off the bike
  5. with
    caused by: grøn af misundelse - green with envy
  6. out of
    motivated by: Han gjorde det af nysgerrighed - He did it out of curiosity

Adverb[edit]

af

  1. off
    tage sit tøj af - take off one's clothes
  2. of
    på grund af - because of

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Dutch af, from Old Dutch af, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɑf/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: af
  • Rhymes: -ɑf

Adverb[edit]

af

  1. off
  2. (postpositional) off, from (implying motion)
    Stomdronken reed de automobilist de weg af.
    Totally drunk, the motorist drove off the road.

Inflection[edit]

Pronominal adverbs of af
preposition —
postpositional adv. af
+ het (it) eraf
+ dit (this) hieraf
+ dat (that) daaraf
+ wat (what) waaraf
+ iets (something) ergens af
+ niets (nothing) nergens af
+ alles (everything) overal af

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Jersey Dutch: âf
  • Negerhollands: af
  • → Indonesian: af

Adjective[edit]

af (used only predicatively, comparative meer af, superlative meest af)

  1. finished, done (when working on something)
    Het huis is af.
    The house is ready.
  2. (games) out, dismissed from play under the rules of the game, e.g. by having been tagged

Synonyms[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Gothic[edit]

Romanization[edit]

af

  1. Romanization of 𐌰𐍆

Icelandic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse af, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

af

  1. (with dative) off, from
  2. (with dative) of
  3. (with dative) by

Derived terms[edit]

Indonesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch af (“off”), from Middle Dutch af, from Old Dutch af, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈaf]
  • Hyphenation: af

Noun[edit]

af (first-person possessive afku, second-person possessive afmu, third-person possessive afnya)

  1. (medicine, surgery) off; removal.

Further reading[edit]

Maltese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

af

  1. imperative singular of jaf

Mapudungun[edit]

Preposition[edit]

af (Raguileo spelling)

  1. beside; next to.

References[edit]

  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Middle Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Dutch af, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Adverb[edit]

af

  1. off, out, away
  2. of, about

Usage notes[edit]

Generally found in combination with a locative adverb such as hier, daer. Also found combined with a verb. In prepositional usage, van was used.

Alternative forms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Dutch: af
  • Limburgish: aaf

Further reading[edit]

Middle Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

af

  1. first-person singular present indicative of mynet

Old Norse[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *ab, whence also Old English æf, af, of (English of), Old Saxon ab, af, Old High German aba, abo (German ab), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af). Compare also au- in Icelandic auvirði.

Preposition[edit]

af

  1. of, from, off, by

Descendants[edit]

  • Icelandic: af
  • Faroese: av
  • Norn: av
  • Elfdalian: åv
  • Old Swedish: af, āf, aff
    • Swedish: av, af (pre-1906 spelling; remains in surnames)
  • Danish: af
  • Norwegian Bokmål: av

References[edit]

  • “af”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *ab.

Preposition[edit]

af

  1. of
  2. out

Old Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

af f (plural aues)

  1. Apocopic form of aue (“bird”)
    • c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 97v.
      […] Et q́ deſcéda ſobreſta piedra la uertud de oḿe q́ téga en la mano dieſtra lança ¬ en la ſinieſtra un af traſtornada.
      […] And may over this stone descend the virtue of the man with a spear in his right hand and an upturned bird on his left.

Portuguese[edit]

Interjection[edit]

af

  1. (Internet slang) afe

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Interjection[edit]

af

  1. arf

Somali[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Cushitic *ʔaf-/*yaf-. Cognate with Beja [script needed] (yēf), Oromo afaan and Afar af.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

af m

  1. mouth
  2. language

References[edit]

  • Puglielli, Annarita; Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012), “af”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga, Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN, page 35

Swedish[edit]

Preposition[edit]

af

  1. Archaic spelling of av.

Usage notes[edit]

Although phased out in the Swedish spelling reform of 1906, this spelling can still be seen in surnames of nobility, such as af Geijerstam and af Wisborg.

See also[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish عفو‎ ('afv), from Arabic عَفْو‎ (ʕafw).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

af (definite accusative affı, plural aflar)

  1. pardon

Declension[edit]

Inflection
Nominative af
Definite accusative affı
Singular Plural
Nominative af aflar
Definite accusative affı afları
Dative affa aflara
Locative afta aflarda
Ablative aftan aflardan
Genitive affın afların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular affım aflarım
2nd singular affın afların
3rd singular affı afları
1st plural affımız aflarımız
2nd plural affınız aflarınız
3rd plural afları afları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular affımı aflarımı
2nd singular affını aflarını
3rd singular affını aflarını
1st plural affımızı aflarımızı
2nd plural affınızı aflarınızı
3rd plural aflarını aflarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular affıma aflarıma
2nd singular affına aflarına
3rd singular affına aflarına
1st plural affımıza aflarımıza
2nd plural affınıza aflarınıza
3rd plural aflarına aflarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular affımda aflarımda
2nd singular affında aflarında
3rd singular affında aflarında
1st plural affımızda aflarımızda
2nd plural affınızda aflarınızda
3rd plural aflarında aflarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular affımdan aflarımdan
2nd singular affından aflarından
3rd singular affından aflarından
1st plural affımızdan aflarımızdan
2nd plural affınızdan aflarınızdan
3rd plural aflarından aflarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular affımın aflarımın
2nd singular affının aflarının
3rd singular affının aflarının
1st plural affımızın aflarımızın
2nd plural affınızın aflarınızın
3rd plural aflarının aflarının

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Welsh[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • a (colloquial)

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

af

  1. (literary) first-person singular present indicative/future of mynd

Yola[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English of, from Old English of (“of, from”), an unstressed form of af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *ab.

Preposition[edit]

af

  1. of

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 22
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