ar-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ar"

English

Etymology 1

Extracted from the word aromatic.

Prefix

ar-

1. (organic chemistry) Forming classification names for classes of organic compounds that contain a carbon skeleton and one or more aromatic rings.
   • 1900, Edgar Fahs Smith (English translator), R. Anschütz (German editor), Victor von Richter's Organic Chemistry: or, Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds, Third American Edition, Volume II, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., page 393:

     Potassium permanganate oxidizes ac-tetrahydronaphtylamine to o-hydrocinnam-carboxylic acid (p. 245); ar-tetrahydronaphthylamine, however, because of the oxidation of its amided benzene nucleus, is changed to adipic acid together with oxalic acid (B. 22, 767): […]

   • 1919 January 10, C. J. West, abstract of G. Schroeter and K. Thomas, “Transformation of tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) in the animal body”; in American Chemical Society, Chemical Abstracts, Volume 13, Number 1, page 43:

     ar-Tetrahydro-α-carbamidonaphthalene, C₁₁H₁₄ON₂, crystallized in square plates from alc., soften at 198° and melts at about 206° (quickly heated, at 212°).

   • 2006, Amit Arora, Aromatic Organic Chemistry, Discovery Publishing House, published 2007, →ISBN, page 173:

     1-Naphthylamine is reduced by sodium and isopentanol to ar-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine; the prefix ar- is the abbreviation of aromatic and indicates that the four hydrogen atoms are not in the ring containing the amino-group: […]

Etymology 2

Shortened from area (because the function describes the area under a hyperbola), by analogy with arc-, the corresponding prefix for the circular trigonometric functions.

Prefix

ar-

1. (trigonometry) Used to form the names of inverse hyperbolic functions, and the symbols for these functions.

   Synonyms: (sometimes proscribed) arc-, a-, ⁻¹

Etymology 3

Assimilated form of ad- before r. From Latin ad-.

Prefix

ar-

1. Alternative form of ad- (“to, toward”).

Derived terms

• arrange
• array
• arrears
• arrest
• arrive
• arrogance

References

• [1]
• [2]
• [3]

Anagrams

• 'RA, 'Ra, ra, RA, Ra

Aka-Bea

Prefix

ar-

1. prefix for limbs or upright things

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *ar-, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare-. Cognate with Breton and Welsh ar-, and Old Irish air-.

Prefix

ar-

1. on, above, super-, over-

   ‎ar- + ‎breus (“judgement”) → ‎arvreus (“criticism”)

   ‎ar- + ‎nowydh (“new”) → ‎arnowydh (“modern”)

   ‎ar- + ‎previ (“to test”) → ‎arbrevi (“to experiment”)

Derived terms

Cornish terms prefixed with ar-

arvarna

arbrederi

arvreus

arvreusi

arbrevi

arbrisya

arbrov

ardhyghtya

ardhynya

arenep

arsedha

arwostel

arwostla

arwovyn

arwask

arwaska

arwither

arholya

arhwilas

arhwithra

arhwithrans

argas

argeles

argelli

argemynna

argerdh

argerdhes

argevri

argevro

argibya

argol

argos

argoswigieth

argrefhe

arlenwel

arlesa

arliw

arliwa

arvil

arvor

arnow

arnowydh

arbennik

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaɾ-/

Prefix

ar-

1. pretonic of air- (“for-, fore-”)

Tocharian A

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *er- (whence also Tocharian B er-), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).

Verb

ar-

1. to evoke, call up
2. to produce, yield, bring forth

Welsh

Alternative forms

• er- (with i-affection)

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *ar-, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ar/

Prefix

ar-

1. on, above, sur-, super-, epi-

   ‎ar- + ‎nofio (“to swim”) → ‎arnofio (“to float”)

   ‎ar- + ‎ysgrif (“writing”) → ‎arysgrif (“inscription, epigraph”)

2. near

   ‎ar- + ‎lliw (“colour”) → ‎arlliw (“shade”)

   ‎ar- + ‎môr (“sea”) → ‎arfor (“coast”)

Derived terms

Welsh terms prefixed with ar-

arholi

arfarnu

arfod

Arfryn

argae

arglawdd

Argoed

argoel

argroen

cyfarfod

argyfwng

archwilio

arddangos

arddodi

arddu

arial

aroleuo

arolwg

argraff

arwedd

Arwen

Arwenna

arwerthu

arwisg

arwr

Arwyn

archoll

arlliw

arlludd

arlun

arlywydd

arfedd

arfor

Arfor

arnodi

arnofio

arbennig

Arberth

arbrawf

arbrisio

arbrofi

arsylw

arsyllu

ardal

ardrawiad

Arfon

Arfona

Arfonia

Mutation

Mutated forms of ar-

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
ar-	unchanged	unchanged	har-

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “ar-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies