使徒

Chinese

		to make; to cause; to enable to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; messenger	apprentice; disciple
simp. and trad. (使徒)		使	徒

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shǐtú

(Zhuyin): ㄕˇ ㄊㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): si³ tou⁴ / si⁵ tou⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ́-thù

(Hailu, HRS): sii^ˊ tu
Northern Min (KCR): sǎ̤-dǔ
Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳ-dù
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): so⁴ dou²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sù-tô͘ / sìr-tô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): sai³ tu⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shǐtú
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˇ ㄊㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shǐhtú
  - Wade–Giles: shih³-tʻu²
  - Yale: shř-tú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyytwu
  - Palladius: шиту (šitu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɻ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: si³ tou⁴ / si⁵ tou⁴
  - Yale: si tòuh / síh tòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: si³ tou⁴ / si⁵ tou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: xi³ tou⁴ / xi⁵ tou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː³³ tʰou̯²¹/, /siː¹³ tʰou̯²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    使徒
    試圖 / 试图
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́-thù
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii^ˋ tu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si³ tu²
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ³¹ tʰu¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii^ˊ tu
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴⁻³³ tʰu⁵⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sǎ̤-dǔ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛ²¹ tu²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳ-dù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t-)lu⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: so⁴ dou² [Phonetic: so⁴ lou²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seo̍-dó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬo⁴² ^(t-)lɔu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: so⁴ dou² [Phonetic: so¹ lou²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬo⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(t-)lɔu²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù-tô͘
  - Tâi-lô: sù-tôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suo'doo
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /su²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /su²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /su²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /su⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr-tô͘
  - Tâi-lô: sìr-tôo
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sai³ tu⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sài thû
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/

Noun

使徒

(Protestantism, Eastern Orthodoxy) apostle
- c. 1700, Jean Basset, 萬物始元‎^[2]:
  
  問：諸門徒中吾主立幾位使徒？荅：十二位。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  问：诸门徒中吾主立几位使徒？荅：十二位。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  Wèn: zhū méntú zhōng wú zhǔ lì jǐ wèi shǐtú? Dá: shí'èr wèi. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1813, “使徒行傳”, in Robert Morrison, transl., 耶穌基利士督我主救者新遺詔書, Acts 2:37, page 5:
  
  伊等聞此感傷心，問彼多羅及餘使徒曰：弟兄，我等必何為？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  伊等闻此感伤心，问彼多罗及余使徒曰：弟兄，我等必何为？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  Yī děng wén cǐ gǎn shāngxīn, wèn Bǐduōluó jí yú shǐtú yuē: dìxiōng, wǒděng bì héwéi? [Pinyin]
  Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart, and said unto Peter and to the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, what shall we do?

Synonyms

Terms for apostle in different branches of Christianity

Branch	Words edit
Protestant	使徒
Roman Catholic	宗徒
Eastern Orthodox	使徒

Derived terms

使徒信經 / 使徒信经 (Shǐtú Xìnjīng)
使徒行傳 / 使徒行传 (Shǐtú Xíngzhuàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (使徒):

→ Japanese: 使(し)徒(と) (shito)
→ Korean: 사도(使徒) (sado)
→ Vietnamese: sứ đồ (使徒)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
使	徒
し Grade: 3	と Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɕi̥to̞]
(Tokyo) しと [shíꜜtò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
(Tokyo) しと [shìtóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
(Kyōto) しと [shíꜜtò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[4]

Noun

使(し)徒(と) • (shito)

apostle

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 “使徒”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

“使徒”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
使	徒

Noun

使徒 • (sado) (hangeul 사도)

hanja form^? of 사도 (“apostle”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
使	徒

Noun

使徒

chữ Hán form of sứ đồ (“apostle”)

[SMK7-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NKD2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 “使徒”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

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