penal

See also: pénal

English

Alternative forms

• pænal (archaic, hypercorrect)
• pænall (obsolete, hypercorrect)
• penall (obsolete)
• pœnal (archaic)
• pœnall (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old French peinal, from Medieval Latin penalis, from Latin poenalis, from poena (“punishment”), from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpiːnəl/
• Rhymes: -iːnəl

Adjective

penal (not comparable)

1. Of or relating to punishment.

   penal servitude

2. Subject to punishment; punishable.

   a penal offence

3. Serving as a place of punishment.

   a penal colony

4. Exorbitant.

   a penal rate of interest.

Related terms

• penality (rare)
• penalty
• penalize

Translations

of or relating to punishment

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 刑法上的, 刑罚的

• Japanese: 刑法上の, 刑罰の
• Portuguese: penal (pt)

Anagrams

• 'plane, Alpen, Nepal, Palen, palen, panel, plane, plena

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Catalan

Etymology

From pena +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -al

Adjective

penal (masculine and feminine plural penals)

1. penal, criminal

Derived terms

• colònia penal
• penalitzar

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Galician

palloza (thatched house) in eastern Galicia. Note the penais.

Etymology 1

14th century. From pena (“stone”) +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /peˈnal/

Noun

penal m (plural penais)

1. shorter, lateral wall of a house
   • 1429, M. Lucas Alvarez & M. J. Justo Martín (eds.), Fontes documentais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pergameos da serie Bens do Arquivo Histórico Universitario (Anos 1237-1537). Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 307:

     huna estrema de boa parede des lo canto mays de baixo do penal da dita casa [...] asta huna crus (+) que asignalamos e fezemos por marqua e deuision enna parede da orta de vos o dito liçençiado e vosos yrmâôs

     [We shall build]] a boundary, made of good wall, from the extreme of the lateral wall of that house [...] till a cross (+) that we have signalled and done as mark and division in the wall of the garden that belongs to you, the aforementioned lawyer, and to your brothers

2. supporting wall

   Synonym: parede mestra

3. each one of the slabs which tops a wall to protect it from the rain
4. eaves

   Synonyms: beirado, beiril, sobrepena, sopena, topete

Etymology 2

From Late Latin poenalis (“penal”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /peˈnal/

Adjective

penal m or f (plural penais)

1. penal (of or relating to punishment)

Noun

penal m (plural penais)

1. prison

   Synonyms: cadea, cárcere, trenla

References

• “penal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
• “penal” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “penal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “penal” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “penal” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

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Ladin

Adjective

penal m (feminine singular penala, masculine plural penai, feminine plural penales)

1. penal

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pe.ˈnaw/
• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pe.ˈnaɫ/
• Hyphenation: pe‧nal

Etymology 1

From Latin poenalis or pena +‎ -al.

Adjective

penal m or f (plural penais, comparable)

1. penal (related to punishment, often in legal context)

Etymology 2

From German Pennal, from Latin pennale, from penna (“feather”). Likely reinforced by Ukranian and Russian пенал (penal).

Noun

penal m (plural penais)

1. (Paraná, regionalism) pencil case

   Synonym: estojo

Etymology 3

From pênalti.

Noun

penal m (plural penais)

1. (soccer) penalty

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Spanish

Etymology

From Late Latin poenālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pe̞ˈna̠l]
• Rhymes: -al

Adjective

penal (plural penales)

1. penal

Noun

penal m (plural penales)

1. a kind of prison
2. (soccer) penalty

Derived terms

• colonia penal
• derecho penal
• penalizar
• penalización

Related terms

• pena

Anagrams

• Nepal, panel, plena