pena
Asturian[edit]
Noun[edit]
pena f (plural penes)
- grief; sorrow
- punishment
- sentence (for a crime)
Derived terms[edit]
Bikol Central[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- penar (verb)
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
péna
- penalty
- Synonym: padusa
- prohibition; forbiddance
- Synonyms: prohibisiyon, pagbawal, pangalad
Verb[edit]
péna
Derived terms[edit]
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Catalan pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
pena f (plural penes)
Derived terms[edit]
Verb[edit]
pena
- third-person singular present indicative form of penar
- second-person singular imperative form of penar
References[edit]
- “pena” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “pena”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “pena” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “pena” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.
Noun[edit]
pena f (plural penas)
- punishment, penalty
- Synonym: castigo
- 1370, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 103:
- o bispo et esse Ferrand Bonome por si et por sa moller se obligaron su pena de mill mor. da boa moneda para gardaren a vnna parte aa outra todas estas cousas
- the bishop and this Fernando Bonome, for him and for his wife, compromised themselves, under a penalty of a thousand coins, to respect this agreement
- pain; sadness
- 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 731:
- en guisa que a sua alma ouuese bẽeyçóm et nõ andase en pena
- so that his soul would be blessed and wouldn't wander in pain
Related terms[edit]
- pena de morte (“death penalty”)
- penar
- penitencia
- penitente
- que pena
- vale a pena
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin pinna (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).
Noun[edit]
pena f (plural penas)
- vanes or blades of a water wheel
- Synonym: aspa
- (archaic) feather
- Synonym: pluma
- 1697, Juan Antonio Torrado, Fala o corvo:
- Fala o corbo, escoyten todos:
Eu veño con asas negras
Cortando os ventos de longe
Para chegar à estas festas.
Oge Apolo me tornou
En brancas as negras penas,
Para cantar como o Cisne
As grandezas de Fonseca.- The raven speaks, listen everyone:
"I come with black wings
Cutting the winds from afar
To arrive to these feasts.
Today Apolo turned
White my black feathers
For singing, as the Swan,
The greatness of Fonseca."
- The raven speaks, listen everyone:
- (archaic) pelt
- Synonym: pelica
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 133:
- coito todo ensenbra con pena de gallina
- all of that boiled together with a hen pelt
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), either from Latin pinna ("feather, wing"; then "merlon, fortress"; then, hypothetically, "rock"), or from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”).[1][2] Compare Portuguese penha.
Noun[edit]
pena f (plural penas)
- boulder, rock
- Synonym: penedo
- 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 688:
- alý se leuãtara hũa pena, que era en çima moy chãa et moyto alta contra o çeo
- there a rock stood, which was very flat at the top and which rose very high
- (archaic, place names) hill, hillock; mountain
- Synonym: cabeza
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “pena” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “pena” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “pena” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- "pena" in Santamarina, Antón (coord.): Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega. <http://ilg.usc.es/TILG/>
- “pena” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
- ^ Cf. Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991), “peña”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
- ^ García Trabazo, José Virgilio (2016), “Prelatin Toponymy of Asturies: a critical review in a historical-comparative perspective”, in Lletres Asturianes[1], issue 115, retrieved 14 June 2018, pages 51-71
Guinea-Bissau Creole[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Portuguese pena. Cognate with Kabuverdianu péna.
Noun[edit]
pena
Indonesian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Malay penna, from Portuguese pena (“quill”), from Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Influenced by Dutch pen. Doublet of pen.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
pèna (first-person possessive penaku, second-person possessive penamu, third-person possessive penanya)
- pen (writing utensil)
Alternative forms[edit]
- pen (nonstandard)
Synonyms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “pena” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Italian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).
Noun[edit]
pena f (plural pene)
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Verb[edit]
pena
- inflection of penare:
Further reading[edit]
- pena in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Anagrams[edit]
Ladin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).
Noun[edit]
pena f (plural penes)
Latin[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpeː.na/, [ˈpeːnä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpe.na/, [ˈpɛːnä]
Noun[edit]
pēna f (genitive pēnae); first declension
- Alternative form of poena [Mediaeval–early New Latin]
Declension[edit]
First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | pēna | pēnae |
Genitive | pēnae | pēnārum |
Dative | pēnae | pēnīs |
Accusative | pēnam | pēnās |
Ablative | pēnā | pēnīs |
Vocative | pēna | pēnae |
References[edit]
- pena in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- pena in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- pena in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Old Occitan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).
Noun[edit]
pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)
Synonyms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Occitan: pena
Portuguese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena,[1] from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Rhymes: -enɐ
- Hyphenation: pe‧na
Noun[edit]
pena f (plural penas)
- punishment
- Synonyms: castigo, condenação
- pain; sadness
Derived terms[edit]
Interjection[edit]
pena
Related terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna,[1] from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

Pronunciation[edit]
- Hyphenation: pe‧na
Noun[edit]
pena f (plural penas)
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Hyphenation: pe‧na
Verb[edit]
pena
- inflection of penar:
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “pena” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)páināˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)poH(y)-.
Noun[edit]
pȅna f (Cyrillic spelling пе̏на)
Declension[edit]
Slovak[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
pena f (genitive singular peny, nominative plural peny, genitive plural pien, declension pattern of žena)
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- pena in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk
Slovene[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *pěna.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
pẹ́na f
Inflection[edit]
Feminine, a-stem | ||
---|---|---|
nominative | péna | |
genitive | péne | |
singular | ||
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
péna | |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
— | |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
— | |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
— | |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
péni | |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
péno |
Further reading[edit]
- “pena”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Inherited from Old Spanish pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).
Noun[edit]
pena f (plural penas)
- punishment
- pain, sadness
- trouble
- Synonyms: problema, dificultad
- (Latin America) embarrassment
- Synonym: vergüenza
- pity
- Synonym: lástima
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Verb[edit]
pena
- inflection of penar:
Further reading[edit]
- “pena”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Tagalog[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
pena (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “pena”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018
Turkish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)
Declension[edit]
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | pena | |
Definite accusative | penayı | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | pena | penalar |
Definite accusative | penayı | penaları |
Dative | penaya | penalara |
Locative | penada | penalarda |
Ablative | penadan | penalardan |
Genitive | penanın | penaların |
Synonyms[edit]
Venetian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Vulgar Latin *ad poenam, with apheresis of /a-/. Compare Italian appena, etc.
Adverb[edit]
pena
Volapük[edit]
Noun[edit]
pena
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian nouns
- Asturian feminine nouns
- Bikol Central terms borrowed from Spanish
- Bikol Central terms derived from Spanish
- Bikol Central terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bikol Central lemmas
- Bikol Central nouns
- Bikol Central verbs
- Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Catalan 2-syllable words
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan feminine nouns
- Catalan non-lemma forms
- Catalan verb forms
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Galician terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Galician lemmas
- Galician nouns
- Galician feminine nouns
- Galician terms with quotations
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Galician terms with archaic senses
- Galician terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Guinea-Bissau Creole terms derived from Portuguese
- Guinea-Bissau Creole lemmas
- Guinea-Bissau Creole nouns
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Portuguese
- Indonesian terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian doublets
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Requests for plural forms in Indonesian entries
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ena
- Rhymes:Italian/ena/2 syllables
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian feminine nouns
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian verb forms
- Ladin terms inherited from Latin
- Ladin terms derived from Latin
- Ladin terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin nouns
- Ladin feminine nouns
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin first declension nouns
- Latin feminine nouns in the first declension
- Latin feminine nouns
- Old Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Old Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Old Occitan terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Old Occitan lemmas
- Old Occitan nouns
- Old Occitan feminine nouns
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ
- Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ/2 syllables
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Portuguese interjections
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese dated terms
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak nouns
- Slovak feminine nouns
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene 2-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene nouns
- Slovene feminine nouns
- Slovene feminine a-stem nouns
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/ena
- Rhymes:Spanish/ena/2 syllables
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish feminine nouns
- Latin American Spanish
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms
- es:Emotions
- Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Spanish
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Turkish terms borrowed from Italian
- Turkish terms derived from Italian
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- tr:Music
- Venetian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Venetian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Venetian lemmas
- Venetian adverbs
- Volapük non-lemma forms
- Volapük noun forms