pena

See also: Pena, péna, pená, penà, peña, pěna, pęna, and pę́na

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin poena.

Noun

pena f (plural penes)

1. punishment, penalty
2. grief, sorrow, pain
3. a shame, a pity

Derived terms

• penal
• penar

Verb

pena

1. third-person singular present indicative form of penar
2. second-person singular imperative form of penar

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Indonesian

Etymology

Dutch pen

Noun

pena

1. pen (writing utensil)

Synonyms

• bolpen

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Italian

Etymology

From Latin poena.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpena/, [ˈpeː.na]
• Hyphenation: pé‧na

Noun

pena f (plural pene)

1. sorrow
2. trouble
3. worry, anxiety
4. pity
5. sentence, penalty, punishment
6. pain

Synonyms

• castigo
• punizione

Related terms

• appena
• penale
• penare
• vale la pena

Verb

pena

1. third-person singular present indicative of penare
2. second-person singular imperative of penare

Anagrams

• pane

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Ladin

Etymology

From Latin poena.

Noun

pena f (plural penes)

1. penalty, punishment

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Latin

Alternative forms

• pęna (orthographic variant using the e caudata)

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpeː.na/

Noun

pēna f (genitive pēnae); first declension

1. Alternative form of poena [Mediaeval–early New Latin]

Declension

First declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	pēna	pēnae
genitive	pēnae	pēnārum
dative	pēnae	pēnīs
accusative	pēnam	pēnās
ablative	pēnā	pēnīs
vocative	pēna	pēnae

References

• du Cange, Charles (1883), “pena”, in G. A. Louis Henschel, Pierre Carpentier, Léopold Favre, editors, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (in Latin), Niort: L. Favre
• “pena” in Félix Gaffiot’s Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette (1934)
• pena in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

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Old Provençal

Noun

pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)

1. pain; suffering

Synonyms

• dolor

Descendants

• Catalan: pena
• Occitan: pena

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Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈpe.nɐ/

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

1. punishment
2. pain; sadness

Synonyms

• (punishment): castigo, condenação
• (pain; sadness): dor, tristeza

Interjection

pena

1. pity (what a shame, what a pity)

Related terms

• penar
• penitência
• penitente
• que pena
• vale a pena

Etymology 2

From Old Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

pena

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈpe.nɐ/

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

1. feather
2. quill (pen made from a feather)
3. (dated) Alternative form of penha

Synonyms

• (feather): pluma

Derived terms

• penada
• Pena
• Penacova
• Penafiel
• Penalva

Related terms

• plumagem
• penugem

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈpɛ.nɐ/

Verb

pena

1. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present indicative of penar
2. second-person singular (tu, sometimes used with você) affirmative imperative of penar

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Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• (Ijekavian): pjȅna

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Noun

pȅna f (Cyrillic spelling пе̏на)

1. foam

Declension

Declension of pena

	singular	plural
nominative	pȅna	pene
genitive	pene	pȇnā
dative	peni	penama
accusative	penu	pene
vocative	peno	pene
locative	peni	penama
instrumental	penom	penama

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Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛna/

Noun

pena f (genitive singular peny, nominative plural peny, genitive plural pien, declension pattern of žena)

1. foam

Declension

Declension of pena

	singular	plural
nominative	pena	peny
genitive	peny	pien
dative	pene	penám
accusative	penu	peny
locative	pene	penách
instrumental	penou	penami

Derived terms

• penový
• pienka

Further reading

• pena in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

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Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpèːna/
• Tonal orthography: pẹ́na

Noun

péna f (genitive péne, uncountable)

1. foam

Declension

Declension of péna (feminine, a-stem)

	singular
nominative	péna
accusative	péno
genitive	péne
dative	péni
locative	péni
instrumental	péno

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Spanish

Etymology

From Latin poena.

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

1. punishment
2. pain, sadness
3. trouble
4. (Latin America) embarrassment
5. pity

Synonyms

• (punishment): castigo, condena
• (pain, sadness): dolor, tristeza
• (trouble): problema, dificultad
• (embarrassment): vergüenza
• (pity): lástima

Related terms

• apenar
• dar pena
• penar
• penitencia
• penitente
• penoso
• valer la pena

Verb

pena

1. Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of penar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of penar.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present indicative form of penar.

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Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɛnɑ]
• Hyphenation: pe‧na

Etymology

• From Italian penna.

Noun

pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)

1. (music) plectrum

Declension

declension of pena

	singular (tekil)	plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın)	pena	penalar
definite accusative (belirtme)	penayı	penaları
dative (yönelme)	penaya	penalara
locative (bulunma)	penada	penalarda
ablative (ayrılma)	penadan	penalardan
genitive (tamlayan)	penanın	penaların

Synonyms

• mızrap
• çalgıç
• tezene

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Venetian

Etymology

Compare Italian appena.

Adverb

pena

1. hardly