pena

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "pena"

Asturian[edit]

Noun[edit]

pena f (plural penes)

  1. grief; sorrow
  2. punishment
  3. sentence (for a crime)

Derived terms[edit]

Bikol Central[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Spanish pena.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: pe‧na
  • IPA(key): /ˈpena/, [ˈpe.n̪a]

Noun[edit]

péna

  1. penalty
    Synonym: padusa
  2. prohibition; forbiddance
    Synonyms: prohibisiyon, pagbawal, pangalad

Verb[edit]

péna

  1. to penalize
    Synonym: padusa
  2. to prohibit, to forbid
    Synonym: prohibir

Derived terms[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Catalan pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

pena f (plural penes)

  1. punishment, penalty
  2. grief, sorrow, pain
  3. a shame, a pity

Derived terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

pena

  1. third-person singular present indicative form of penar
  2. second-person singular imperative form of penar

References[edit]

Galician[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

Noun[edit]

pena f (plural penas)

  1. punishment, penalty
    Synonym: castigo
    • 1370, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 103:
      o bispo et esse Ferrand Bonome por si et por sa moller se obligaron su pena de mill mor. da boa moneda para gardaren a vnna parte aa outra todas estas cousas
      the bishop and this Fernando Bonome, for him and for his wife, compromised themselves, under a penalty of a thousand coins, to respect this agreement
  2. pain; sadness
    Synonyms: dor, tristura, mágoa
    • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 731:
      en guisa que a sua alma ouuese bẽeyçóm et nõ andase en pena
      so that his soul would be blessed and wouldn't wander in pain
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin pinna (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

Noun[edit]

pena f (plural penas)

  1. vanes or blades of a water wheel
    Synonym: aspa
  2. (archaic) feather
    Synonym: pluma
    • 1697, Juan Antonio Torrado, Fala o corvo:
      Fala o corbo, escoyten todos:
      Eu veño con asas negras
      Cortando os ventos de longe
      Para chegar à estas festas.
      Oge Apolo me tornou
      En brancas as negras penas,
      Para cantar como o Cisne
      As grandezas de Fonseca.
      The raven speaks, listen everyone:
      "I come with black wings
      Cutting the winds from afar
      To arrive to these feasts.
      Today Apolo turned
      White my black feathers
      For singing, as the Swan,
      The greatness of Fonseca."
  3. (archaic) pelt
    Synonym: pelica
    • 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 133:
      coito todo ensenbra con pena de gallina
      all of that boiled together with a hen pelt
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pena do Guerreiro (rock known as "the Warrior"), Carnota, Galicia
Pena Surbia (2116 m) and Pena Trevinca (2127 m), highest mountains in Galicia

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), either from Latin pinna ("feather, wing"; then "merlon, fortress"; then, hypothetically, "rock"), or from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”).[1][2] Compare Portuguese penha.

Noun[edit]

pena f (plural penas)

  1. boulder, rock
    Synonym: penedo
    • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 688:
      alý se leuãtara hũa pena, que era en çima moy chãa et moyto alta contra o çeo
      there a rock stood, which was very flat at the top and which rose very high
  2. (archaic, place names) hill, hillock; mountain
    Synonym: cabeza
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “pena” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “pena” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “pena” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • "pena" in Santamarina, Antón (coord.): Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega. <http://ilg.usc.es/TILG/>
  • “pena” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
  1. ^ Cf. Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991), “peña”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
  2. ^ García Trabazo, José Virgilio (2016), “Prelatin Toponymy of Asturies: a critical review in a historical-comparative perspective”, in Lletres Asturianes‎[1], issue 115, retrieved 14 June 2018, pages 51-71

Guinea-Bissau Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese pena. Cognate with Kabuverdianu péna.

Noun[edit]

pena

  1. feather

Indonesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Malay penna, from Portuguese pena (“quill”), from Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Influenced by Dutch pen. Doublet of pen.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈpɛna]
  • Hyphenation: pè‧na

Noun[edit]

pèna (first-person possessive penaku, second-person possessive penamu, third-person possessive penanya)

  1. pen (writing utensil)

Alternative forms[edit]

  • pen (nonstandard)

Synonyms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Italian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈpe.na/
  • Rhymes: -ena
  • Hyphenation: pé‧na

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun[edit]

pena f (plural pene)

  1. sorrow
  2. trouble
  3. worry, anxiety
  4. pity
  5. sentence, penalty, punishment
    Synonyms: castigo, punizione
  6. pain
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

pena

  1. inflection of penare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading[edit]

  • pena in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams[edit]

Ladin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun[edit]

pena f (plural penes)

  1. penalty, punishment

Latin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

pēna f (genitive pēnae); first declension

  1. Alternative form of poena [Mediaeval–early New Latin]

Declension[edit]

First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative pēna pēnae
Genitive pēnae pēnārum
Dative pēnae pēnīs
Accusative pēnam pēnās
Ablative pēnā pēnīs
Vocative pēna pēnae

References[edit]

  • pena in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • pena in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • pena in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Old Occitan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun[edit]

pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)

  1. pain; suffering

Synonyms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Occitan: pena

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena,[1] from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

Pronunciation[edit]

 

  • Rhymes: -enɐ
  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Noun[edit]

pena f (plural penas)

  1. punishment
    Synonyms: castigo, condenação
  2. pain; sadness
    Synonyms: dor, tristeza
Derived terms[edit]

Interjection[edit]

pena

  1. pity (what a shame, what a pity)
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna,[1] from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

pena

Pronunciation[edit]

 

  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Noun[edit]

pena f (plural penas)

  2. feather
    Synonym: pluma
  4. quill (pen made from a feather)
  5. (dated) Alternative form of penha
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

 

  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Verb[edit]

pena

  1. inflection of penar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “pena” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)páināˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)poH(y)-.

Noun[edit]

pȅna f (Cyrillic spelling пе̏на)

  1. foam

Declension[edit]

Declension of pena
singular plural
nominative pȅna pene
genitive pene pȇnā
dative peni penama
accusative penu pene
vocative peno pene
locative peni penama
instrumental penom penama

Slovak[edit]

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sk

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

pena f (genitive singular peny, nominative plural peny, genitive plural pien, declension pattern of žena)

  1. foam

Declension[edit]

Declension of pena
singular plural
nominative pena peny
genitive peny pien
dative pene penám
accusative penu peny
locative pene penách
instrumental penou penami

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • pena in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

Slovene[edit]

Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

pẹ́na f

  1. foam

Inflection[edit]

 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, a-stem
nominative péna
genitive péne
singular
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		péna
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		—
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		—
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		—
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		péni
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		péno

Further reading[edit]

  • “pena”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈpena/ [ˈpe.na]
  • Rhymes: -ena
  • Syllabification: pe‧na

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Old Spanish pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun[edit]

pena f (plural penas)

  1. punishment
    Synonyms: castigo, condena
  2. pain, sadness
    Synonyms: dolor, tristeza
  3. trouble
    Synonyms: problema, dificultad
  4. (Latin America) embarrassment
    Synonym: vergüenza
  5. pity
    Synonym: lástima
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

pena

  1. inflection of penar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading[edit]

Tagalog[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Spanish pena.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: pe‧na
  • IPA(key): /ˈpena/, [ˈpɛ.nɐ]

Noun[edit]

pena (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)

  1. punishment
    Synonyms: kastigo, parusa
  2. penalty; fine
  3. pain; sorrow; grief

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Italian penna.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɛnɑ/
  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Noun[edit]

pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)

  1. (music) plectrum

Declension[edit]

Inflection
Nominative pena
Definite accusative penayı
Singular Plural
Nominative pena penalar
Definite accusative penayı penaları
Dative penaya penalara
Locative penada penalarda
Ablative penadan penalardan
Genitive penanın penaların

Synonyms[edit]

Venetian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Vulgar Latin *ad poenam, with apheresis of /a-/. Compare Italian appena, etc.

Adverb[edit]

pena

  1. hardly

Volapük[edit]

Noun[edit]

pena

  1. genitive singular of pen
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