Jump to content

castigo

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: castigó and castigò

Asturian

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

castigo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of castigar

Catalan

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

castigo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of castigar

Chavacano

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Spanish castigo (“punishment”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Hyphenation: cas‧ti‧go

Noun

[edit]

castigo

  1. punishment
[edit]

Galician

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

castigo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of castigar

Italian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /kasˈti.ɡo/
  • Rhymes: -iɡo
  • Hyphenation: ca‧stì‧go

Etymology 1

[edit]

    Deverbal from castigare.

    Alternative forms

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    castigo m (plural castighi)

    1. punishment
      Synonym: punizione
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Verb

    [edit]

    castigo

    1. first-person singular present indicative of castigare

    Latin

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From an unattested noun *castis (“purity, virtue”) +‎ -igō (“act, make”), the latter a suffixal form of agō. The noun *castis is thought to be formed from careō (“to lack”) + *-tis; the same root is found in castus (“chaste”). For the ending, compare fūstīgō and fatīgō, the formations of which also involve ti-derivations.[1]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    castīgō (present infinitive castīgāre, perfect active castīgāvī, supine castīgātum); first conjugation

    1. to castigate, chastise, reprove
      Synonyms: increpō, accūsō, corripiō, exprobrō, incūsō, obloquor, arripiō, pulsō, reprehendō, animadvertō
    2. to punish
      Synonyms: multō, pūniō, expiō, obiūrgō, animadvertō, mulctō, moneō, plēctō, ulcīscor, exsequor
      Qui bene amat, bene castigat.
      Spare the rod and spoil the child. (literally, “Whoever loves well, punishes well.”)
      • c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes 3.64:
        Pueros vero matres et magistri castigare etiam solent, nec verbis solum, sed etiam verberibus. Si quid in domestico luctu hilarius ab is factum est aut dictum, plorare cogunt. Quid?
        Mothers and teachers are used to chastise children not only with words, but also with hits of the rod. If the children do or say something rather "cheerful" in a small argument, they make them cry. Why?
    3. to rebuke, reprimand
      Synonyms: obiūrgō, perstringō, arguō, īnsector, corripiō, accūsō, incūsō, damnō, obloquor, increpō, acclāmō, inclāmō, compellō, reprehendō, animadvertō
      • c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilianus, Institutiones 2.2.5:
        Plurimus ei de honesto ac bono sermo sit: nam quo saepius monuerit, hoc rarius castigabit.
        May his [the ideal rhetoric teacher's] discussion be very often about what is honourable, good: the more he reminds the student, the less he will reprimand the student.
    4. to correct, amend

    Conjugation

    [edit]
       Conjugation of castīgō (first conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present castīgō castīgās castīgat castīgāmus castīgātis castīgant
    imperfect castīgābam castīgābās castīgābat castīgābāmus castīgābātis castīgābant
    future castīgābō castīgābis castīgābit castīgābimus castīgābitis castīgābunt
    perfect castīgāvī castīgāvistī castīgāvit castīgāvimus castīgāvistis castīgāvērunt,
    castīgāvēre
    pluperfect castīgāveram castīgāverās castīgāverat castīgāverāmus castīgāverātis castīgāverant
    future perfect castīgāverō castīgāveris castīgāverit castīgāverimus castīgāveritis castīgāverint
    passive present castīgor castīgāris,
    castīgāre     		castīgātur castīgāmur castīgāminī castīgantur
    imperfect castīgābar castīgābāris,
    castīgābāre     		castīgābātur castīgābāmur castīgābāminī castīgābantur
    future castīgābor castīgāberis,
    castīgābere     		castīgābitur castīgābimur castīgābiminī castīgābuntur
    perfect castīgātus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect castīgātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect castīgātus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present castīgem castīgēs castīget castīgēmus castīgētis castīgent
    imperfect castīgārem castīgārēs castīgāret castīgārēmus castīgārētis castīgārent
    perfect castīgāverim castīgāverīs castīgāverit castīgāverīmus castīgāverītis castīgāverint
    pluperfect castīgāvissem castīgāvissēs castīgāvisset castīgāvissēmus castīgāvissētis castīgāvissent
    passive present castīger castīgēris,
    castīgēre     		castīgētur castīgēmur castīgēminī castīgentur
    imperfect castīgārer castīgārēris,
    castīgārēre     		castīgārētur castīgārēmur castīgārēminī castīgārentur
    perfect castīgātus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect castīgātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — castīgā — — castīgāte —
    future — castīgātō castīgātō — castīgātōte castīgantō
    passive present — castīgāre — — castīgāminī —
    future — castīgātor castīgātor — — castīgantor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present castīgāre castīgārī castīgāns —
    future castīgātūrum esse castīgātum īrī castīgātūrus castīgandus
    perfect castīgāvisse castīgātum esse — castīgātus
    future perfect — castīgātum fore — —
    perfect potential castīgātūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    castīgandī castīgandō castīgandum castīgandō castīgātum castīgātū

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    Descendants

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    • “castigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “castigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “castigo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • (ambiguous) a stern critic of morals: severus morum castigator
    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 93

    Portuguese

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
     
     

    • Hyphenation: cas‧ti‧go

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

      Deverbal from castigar (“to punish”).

      Noun

      [edit]

      castigo m (plural castigos)

      2. punishment (penalty to punish wrongdoing)
        Synonym: pena
        crime e castigo ― crime and punishment
      4. (figurative) something which causes suffering
      6. grounding (state of being confined by one’s parents, as punishment)
      [edit]

      Etymology 2

      [edit]

        See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

        Verb

        [edit]

        castigo

        2. first-person singular present indicative of castigar

        Further reading

        [edit]

        Spanish

        [edit]

        Pronunciation

        [edit]
        • IPA(key): /kasˈtiɡo/ [kasˈt̪i.ɣ̞o]
        • Audio (Colombia):(file)
        • Rhymes: -iɡo
        • Syllabification: cas‧ti‧go

        Etymology 1

        [edit]

        Deverbal from castigar, from Latin castigāre.

        Noun

        [edit]

        castigo m (plural castigos)

        1. punishment
          Synonyms: pena, condena
        Derived terms
        [edit]
        [edit]

        Etymology 2

        [edit]

          See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

          Verb

          [edit]

          castigo

          1. first-person singular present indicative of castigar

          Further reading

          [edit]
          Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=castigo&oldid=91600673"