castigo
Asturian
[edit]Verb
[edit]castigo
Catalan
[edit]Verb
[edit]castigo
Galician
[edit]Verb
[edit]castigo
Italian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]castigo m (plural castighi)
- punishment
- Synonym: punizione
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]castigo
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From an unattested noun *castis (“purity, virtue”) + -igō (“act, make”), the latter a suffixal form of agō. The noun *castis is thought to be formed from careō (“I lack”) + *-tis; the same root is found in castus (“chaste”). For the ending, compare fūstīgō and fatīgō, the formations of which also involve ti-derivations.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /kasˈtiː.ɡoː/, [käs̠ˈt̪iːɡoː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kasˈti.ɡo/, [käsˈt̪iːɡo]
Verb
[edit]castīgō (present infinitive castīgāre, perfect active castīgāvī, supine castīgātum); first conjugation
- to castigate, chastise, reprove
- Synonyms: increpō, accūsō, corripiō, exprobrō, incūsō, obloquor, arripiō, pulsō, reprehendō, animadvertō
- to punish
- Synonyms: multō, pūniō, expiō, obiūrgō, animadvertō, mulctō, moneō, plēctō, ulcīscor, exsequor
- Qui bene amat, bene castigat.
- He, who loves well, castigates well (lit. Spare the rod and spoil the child.)
- c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 3.64:
- Pueros vero matres et magistri castigare etiam solent, nec verbis solum, sed etiam verberibus. Si quid in domestico luctu hilarius ab is factum est aut dictum, plorare cogunt. Quid?
- Mothers and teachers are used to chastise children not only with words, but also with hits of the rod. If the children do or say something rather "cheerful" in a small argument, they make them cry. Why?
- Pueros vero matres et magistri castigare etiam solent, nec verbis solum, sed etiam verberibus. Si quid in domestico luctu hilarius ab is factum est aut dictum, plorare cogunt. Quid?
- to rebuke, reprimand
- Synonyms: obiūrgō, perstringō, arguō, īnsector, corripiō, accūsō, incūsō, damnō, obloquor, increpō, acclāmō, inclāmō, compellō, reprehendō, animadvertō
- c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutiones 2.2.5:
- Plurimus ei de honesto ac bono sermo sit: nam quo saepius monuerit, hoc rarius castigabit.
- May his [the ideal rhetoric teacher's] discussion be very often about what is honourable, good: the more he reminds the student, the less he will reprimand the student.
- Plurimus ei de honesto ac bono sermo sit: nam quo saepius monuerit, hoc rarius castigabit.
- to correct, amend
Conjugation
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Aromanian: cãshtigã, cãshtigari
- Asturian: castigar
- Franco-Provençal: châtiar
- Old French: chastier, chastoiier, castier
- Old French: chastiser
- Friulian: cjastiâ, čhastiâ
- Italian: castigare
- Old Occitan: castigar
- Piedmontese: castighé
- Old Galician-Portuguese: castigar
- Romanian: câștiga, câștigare
- Romansch: chastiar, castigiar, chastier
- Sardinian: casticare, castigae, castigai, castigare
- Sicilian: castigari, castijari, castiari
- Spanish: castigar
- Venetan: castigar
- → English: castigate
- → Middle High German: kestigāte, kestigete
- → Proto-West Germanic: *kastīgōn (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- “castigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “castigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- castigo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) a stern critic of morals: severus morum castigator
- (ambiguous) a stern critic of morals: severus morum castigator
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 93
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
- Hyphenation: cas‧ti‧go
Etymology 1
[edit]Deverbal from castigar (“to punish”).
Noun
[edit]castigo m (plural castigos)
- punishment (penalty to punish wrongdoing)
- Synonym: pena
- crime e castigo ― crime and punishment
- (figurative) something which causes suffering
- grounding (state of being confined by one’s parents, as punishment)
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]castigo
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Deverbal from castigar, from Latin castigāre.
Noun
[edit]castigo m (plural castigos)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]castigo
Further reading
[edit]- “castigo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Asturian non-lemma forms
- Asturian verb forms
- Catalan non-lemma forms
- Catalan verb forms
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician verb forms
- Italian 3-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/iɡo
- Rhymes:Italian/iɡo/3 syllables
- Italian terms borrowed from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian masculine nouns
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian verb forms
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eǵ-
- Latin terms suffixed with -igo (denominative)
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin verbs
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin first conjugation verbs
- Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -av-
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese deverbals
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Spanish 3-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/iɡo
- Rhymes:Spanish/iɡo/3 syllables
- Spanish deverbals
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms