moneo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *moneō, from earlier *monejō, from Proto-Indo-European *moné-ye-ti, causative from the root *men- (“to think”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈmɔ.ne.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈmɔː.ne.o]

Verb

moneō (present infinitive monēre, perfect active monuī, supine monitum); second conjugation

1. to warn, to advise

   Synonyms: admoneō, condicō, praemoneō, praecipiō, praedīcō

   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 22–23:

     Dehinc ut quiēscant porrō moneō et dēsinant / male dīcere, malefacta nē nōscant sua!

     Then, furthermore, I advise them to keep quiet and quit speaking ill [of the playwright], lest they learn of their own misdeeds!

2. to remind

   Synonyms: memorō, admoneō, retineō, referō, redūcō

   Antonym: oblitterō

3. to exhort, advise, recommend

   Synonyms: suādeō, commendō, admoneō, dēlīberō, conciliō, suggerō, cēnseō, praedicō

4. to punish, chastise, castigate

   Synonyms: castīgō, mulctō, multō, pūniō, expiō, obiūrgō, animadvertō, ulcīscor, plēctō, exsequor

5. to predict, foretell

   Synonyms: vāticinor, praesāgiō, praemoneō, portendō, canō, praedīcō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of moneō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	moneō		monēs		monet		monēmus		monētis		monent
	imperfect	monēbam		monēbās		monēbat		monēbāmus		monēbātis		monēbant
	future	monēbō		monēbis		monēbit		monēbimus		monēbitis		monēbunt
	perfect	monuī		monuistī		monuit		monuimus		monuistis		monuērunt, monuēre
	pluperfect	monueram		monuerās		monuerat		monuerāmus		monuerātis		monuerant
	future perfect	monuerō		monueris		monuerit		monuerimus		monueritis		monuerint
	sigmatic future1	monerō		moneris		monerit		monerimus		moneritis		monerint
passive	present	moneor		monēris, monēre		monētur		monēmur		monēminī		monentur
	imperfect	monēbar		monēbāris, monēbāre		monēbātur		monēbāmur		monēbāminī		monēbantur
	future	monēbor		monēberis, monēbere		monēbitur		monēbimur		monēbiminī		monēbuntur
	perfect	monitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	monitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	monitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	moneam		moneās		moneat		moneāmus		moneātis		moneant
	imperfect	monērem		monērēs		monēret		monērēmus		monērētis		monērent
	perfect	monuerim		monuerīs		monuerit		monuerīmus		monuerītis		monuerint
	pluperfect	monuissem		monuissēs		monuisset		monuissēmus		monuissētis		monuissent
	sigmatic aorist1	monerim		monerīs		monerīt		monerīmus		monerītis		monerint
passive	present	monear		moneāris, moneāre		moneātur		moneāmur		moneāminī		moneantur
	imperfect	monērer		monērēris, monērēre		monērētur		monērēmur		monērēminī		monērentur
	perfect	monitus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	monitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		monē		—		—		monēte		—
	future	—		monētō		monētō		—		monētōte		monentō
passive	present	—		monēre		—		—		monēminī		—
	future	—		monētor		monētor		—		—		monentor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		monēre			monērī, monērier2			monēns			—
future		monitūrum esse			monitum īrī			monitūrus			monendus
perfect		monuisse			monitum esse			—			monitus
future perfect		—			monitum fore			—			—
perfect potential		monitūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		monendī		monendō		monendum		monendō		monitum		monitū

¹At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
²The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

• admoneō
• commoneō
• ēmoneō
• Monēta
• monitō
• monitor
• monitum
• monitus
• mōnstrō
• mōnstrum
• monubilis
• monumentum
• permoneō
• praemoneō
• prōmoneō
• remoneō
• submoneō, summoneō

Descendants

• Italian: monire (archaic)
• Portuguese: monir
• Spanish: muñir
• → English: monish, monitor
• → German: monieren

Further reading

• “moneo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• moneo in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
• “moneo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “moneo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.